Newest Articles
CENP-A and topo-II regulate chromosome sizeThe size of mitotic chromosomes is coordinated with cell size. Through an RNAi screen in Caenorhabditis elegans, Ladouceur et al. identify CENP-A and topo-II as factors affecting chromosome length. Quantitative analyses of protein dynamics suggest that CENP-A and topo-II localize and function independently to provide centromeric chromatin structure and determine the length of holocentric mitotic chromosomes.
TRIM37 ubiquitylates and stabilizes PEX5TRIM37 gene mutations cause muscle–liver–brain–eye (mulibrey) nanism: a rare autosomal recessive, prenatal onset growth disorder. Wang et al. find that TRIM37 ubiquitylates and stabilizes PEX5, the receptor for import of peroxisomal matrix proteins, suggesting that mulibrey nanism is a new peroxisomal biogenesis disorder.
Microglial control of inhibitory synapses by PGE2Microglia can influence the excitatory responses of neurons, but less is known about how these immune cells in the brain may influence inhibitory neurotransmitters. Cantaut-Belarif et al. report that prostaglandin production by Toll-like receptor–stimulated microglia can influence the glycinergic but not GABAergic responses of neurons by altering the lateral diffusion of glycine receptors specifically within the synaptic membrane.
Kud modulates the LINC complex and NE architectureLINC complexes connect the inner and outer nuclear membrane (ONM) to transduce nucleocytoskeletal force. Ding et al. identify an ONM protein, Kuduk/TMEM258, which modulates the quality of LINC complexes and regulates the nuclear envelope architecture, nuclear positioning, and the development of ovarian follicles.
Dynein light chain function in endocytosisActin-capping protein is a key component of the actin cytoskeleton at sites of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Farrell et al. show that a newly discovered component of the endocytic machinery belongs to the dynein light chain family and regulates the recruitment of actin-capping protein in a dynein motor–independent manner.
In vivo ASC speck formationThe inflammasome adaptor ASC forms enormous intracellular complexes called specks. Live imaging of endogenous ASC in keratinocytes reveals speck formation dynamics and their lethal effects, as well as macrophages’ engulfment and digestion of the specks left behind by dead cells.
Self-sorting on nonmuscle myosin II paralogsCopolymerization of nonmuscle myosins IIA and IIB followed by their differential turnover in stress fibers leads to self-sorting of IIA and IIB along the front–rear axis of the cell, thus producing a polarized actin cytoskeleton.
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July 3, 2017
Volume 216, No. 7
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Victoria and Zurzolo discuss current evidence for the emerging role of lysosomal damage and tunneling nanotubes in the intercellular propagation of prion and prion-like proteins in neurodegenerative disease.