A monoclonal antibody against alpha-smooth muscle actin: a new probe for smooth muscle differentiation

doi:10.1083/jcb.103.6.2787

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A monoclonal antibody against alpha-smooth muscle actin: a new probe for smooth muscle differentiation

O Skalli, P Ropraz, A Trzeciak, G Benzonana, D Gillessen and G Gabbiani

A monoclonal antibody (anti-alpha sm-1) recognizing exclusively alpha- smooth muscle actin was selected and characterized after immunization of BALB/c mice with the NH2-terminal synthetic decapeptide of alpha- smooth muscle actin coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Anti-alpha sm- 1 helped in distinguishing smooth muscle cells from fibroblasts in mixed cultures such as rat dermal fibroblasts and chicken embryo fibroblasts. In the aortic media, it recognized a hitherto unknown population of cells negative for alpha-smooth muscle actin and for desmin. In 5-d-old rats, this population is about half of the medial cells and becomes only 8 +/- 5% in 6-wk-old animals. In cultures of rat aortic media SMCs, there is a progressive increase of this cell population together with a progressive decrease in the number of alpha- smooth muscle actin-containing stress fibers per cell. Double immunofluorescent studies carried out with anti-alpha sm-1 and anti- desmin antibodies in several organs revealed a heterogeneity of stromal cells. Desmin-negative, alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive cells were found in the rat intestinal muscularis mucosae and in the dermis around hair follicles. Moreover, desmin-positive, alpha-smooth muscle actin- negative cells were identified in the intestinal submucosa, rat testis interstitium, and uterine stroma. alpha-Smooth muscle actin was also found in myoepithelial cells of mammary and salivary glands, which are known to express cytokeratins. Finally, alpha-smooth muscle actin is present in stromal cells of mammary carcinomas, previously considered fibroblastic in nature. Thus, anti-alpha sm-1 antibody appears to be a powerful probe in the study of smooth muscle differentiation in normal and pathological conditions.
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Orlandi, A., Francesconi, A., Cocchia, D., Corsini, A., Spagnoli, L. G. (2001). Phenotypic Heterogeneity Influences Apoptotic Susceptibility to Retinoic Acid and cis-Platinum of Rat Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells In Vitro : Implications for the Evolution of Experimental Intimal Thickening. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 21: 1118-1123 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Lawson, C., Ainsworth, M. E, McCormack, A. M, Yacoub, M., Rose, M. L (2001). Effects of cross-linking ICAM-1 on the surface of human vascular smooth muscle cells: induction of VCAM-1 but no proliferation. Cardiovasc Res 50: 547-555 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Sasu, S., Cooper, A. L., Beasley, D. (2001). Juxtacrine effects of IL-1{alpha} precursor promote iNOS expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 280: H1615-H1623 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Sundberg, C., Nagy, J. A., Brown, L. F., Feng, D., Eckelhoefer, I. A., Manseau, E. J., Dvorak, A. M., Dvorak, H. F. (2001). Glomeruloid Microvascular Proliferation Follows Adenoviral Vascular Permeability Factor/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-164 Gene Delivery. Am. J. Pathol. 158: 1145-1160 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Sironi, L., Calvio, A. M., Arnaboldi, L., Corsini, A., Parolari, A., de Gasparo, M., Tremoli, E., Mussoni, L. (2001). Effect of Valsartan on Angiotensin II-Induced Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Biosynthesis in Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. Hypertension 37: 961-966 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Cui, T.-X., Nakagami, H., Iwai, M., Takeda, Y., Shiuchi, T., Daviet, L., Nahmias, C., Horiuchi, M. (2001). Pivotal role of tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 in AT2 receptor-mediated apoptosis in rat fetal vascular smooth muscle cell. Cardiovasc Res 49: 863-871 [Abstract] [Full Text]
L'HEUREUX, N., STOCLET, J.-C., AUGER, F. A., LAGAUD, G. J.-L., GERMAIN, L., ANDRIANTSITOHAINA, R. (2001). A human tissue-engineered vascular media: a new model for pharmacological studies of contractile responses. FASEB J. 15: 515-524 [Abstract] [Full Text]
SCHILDMEYER, L. A., BRAUN, R., TAFFET, G., DEBIASI, M., BURNS, A. E., BRADLEY, A., SCHWARTZ, R. J. (2000). Impaired vascular contractility and blood pressure homeostasis in the smooth muscle {alpha}-actin null mouse. FASEB J. 14: 2213-2220 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Platoshyn, O., Golovina, V. A., Bailey, C. L., Limsuwan, A., Krick, S., Juhaszova, M., Seiden, J. E., Rubin, L. J., Yuan, J. X.-J. (2000). Sustained membrane depolarization and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 279: C1540-C1549 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Graves, D. C., Yablonka–Reuveni, Z. (2000). Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Spontaneously Adopt a Skeletal Muscle Phenotype: A Unique Myf5-/MyoD+ Myogenic Program. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 48: 1173-1194 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Adolfsson, P. I., Haug, I., Berg, G., Svensson, S. P.S. (2000). Changes in {beta}2-adrenoceptor expression and in adenylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase activity in human uterine leiomyomas. Mol Hum Reprod 6: 835-842 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Legare, J.-F., Issekutz, T., Lee, T. D. G., Hirsch, G. (2000). CD8+ T Lymphocytes Mediate Destruction of the Vascular Media in a Model of Chronic Rejection. Am. J. Pathol. 157: 859-865 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Chiarenza, C., Filippini, A., Tripiciano, A., Beccari, E., Palombi, F. (2000). Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB Stimulates Hypertrophy of Peritubular Smooth Muscle Cells from Rat Testis in Primary Cultures. Endocrinology 141: 2971-2981 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Korhonen, M., Ormio, M., Burgeson, R. E., Virtanen, I., Savilahti, E. (2000). Unaltered Distribution of Laminins, Fibronectin, and Tenascin in Celiac Intestinal Mucosa. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 48: 1011-1020 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Bochaton-Piallat, M.-L., Kapetanios, A. D., Donati, G., Redard, M., Gabbiani, G., Pournaras, C. J. (2000). TGF-{beta}1, TGF-{beta} Receptor II and ED-A Fibronectin Expression in Myofibroblast of Vitreoretinopathy. IOVS 41: 2336-2342 [Abstract] [Full Text]