Topogenic analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein, gp160, in microsomal membranes

doi:10.1083/jcb.107.5.1677

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Topogenic analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein, gp160, in microsomal membranes

OK Haffar, DJ Dowbenko and PW Berman
Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080.

The orientation in cellular membranes of the 856 amino acid envelope glycoprotein precursor, gp160, of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 was investigated in vitro. Variants of the env gene were transcribed using the bacteriophage SP6 promoter, translated using a rabbit reticulocyte lysate, and translocated into canine pancreatic microsomal membranes. Immunoprecipitation studies of gp160 variants using antibodies specific for various gp160-derived polypeptides provided evidence that the external (cell surface) domain of gp160 begins at the mature amino terminus of the protein and continues through amino acid 665. A stop-transfer sequence (transmembrane domain) was identified in a hydrophobic region COOH-terminal to amino acid 665 and NH2-terminal to amino acid 732. Protease protection experiments demonstrated that gp160 possesses a single cytoplasmic domain COOH-terminal to residue 707. Membrane extraction studies using carbonate buffer provided evidence that the 29 amino acid hydrophobic domain (residues 512-541) of gp160 was unable to serve as a stop-transfer sequence. Finally, we propose that the cytoplasmic tail of gp160 forms a secondary association with the microsomal membranes.
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