Functional dissociation of paracellular permeability and transepithelial electrical resistance and disruption of the apical- basolateral intramembrane diffusion barrier by expression of a mutant tight junction membrane protein

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Functional dissociation of paracellular permeability and transepithelial electrical resistance and disruption of the apical- basolateral intramembrane diffusion barrier by expression of a mutant tight junction membrane protein

MS Balda, JA Whitney, C Flores, S Gonzalez, M Cereijido and K Matter
Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Switzerland.

Tight junctions, the most apical of the intercellular junctions that connect individual cells in a epithelial sheet, are thought to form a seal that restricts paracellular and intramembrane diffusion. To analyze the functioning of tight junctions, we generated stable MDCK strain 2 cell lines expressing either full-length or COOH-terminally truncated chicken occludin, the only known transmembrane component of tight junctions. Confocal immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that mutant occludin was incorporated into tight junctions but, in contrast to full-length chicken occludin, exhibited a discontinuous junctional staining pattern and also disrupted the continuous junctional ring formed by endogenous occludin. This rearrangement of occludin was not paralleled by apparent changes in the junctional morphology as seen by thin section electron microscopy nor apparent discontinuities of the junctional strands observed by freeze-fracture. Nevertheless, expression of both wild-type and mutant occludin induced increased transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). In contrast to TER, particularly the expression of COOH-terminally truncated occludin led to a severalfold increase in paracellular flux of small molecular weight tracers. Since the selectivity for size or different types of cations was unchanged, expression of wild-type and mutant occludin appears to have activated an existing mechanism that allows selective paracellular flux in the presence of electrically sealed tight junctions. Occludin is also involved in the formation of the apical/basolateral intramembrane diffusion barrier, since expression of the COOH-terminally truncated occludin was found to render MDCK cells incapable of maintaining a fluorescent lipid in a specifically labeled cell surface domain.
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Zahraoui, A., Louvard, D., Galli, T. (2000). Tight Junction, a Platform for Trafficking and Signaling Protein Complexes. JCB 151: 31-36 [Full Text]
Cereijido, M., Shoshani, L., Contreras, R. G. (2000). Molecular Physiology and Pathophysiology of Tight Junctions I. Biogenesis of tight junctions and epithelial polarity. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 279: G477-G482 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ban, Y., Rizzolo, L. J. (2000). Differential regulation of tight junction permeability during development of the retinal pigment epithelium. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 279: C744-C750 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Peiffer, I., Blanc-Potard, A.-B., Bernet-Camard, M.-F., Guignot, J., Barbat, A., Servin, A. L. (2000). Afa/Dr Diffusely Adhering Escherichia coli C1845 Infection Promotes Selective Injuries in the Junctional Domain of Polarized Human Intestinal Caco-2/TC7 Cells. Infect. Immun. 68: 3431-3442 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Obert, G., Peiffer, I., Servin, A. L. (2000). Rotavirus-Induced Structural and Functional Alterations in Tight Junctions of Polarized Intestinal Caco-2 Cell Monolayers. J. Virol. 74: 4645-4651 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ryeom, S. W., Paul, D., Goodenough, D. A. (2000). Truncation Mutants of the Tight Junction Protein ZO-1 Disrupt Corneal Epithelial Cell Morphology. Mol. Biol. Cell 11: 1687-1696 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Tsukita, S., Furuse, M. (2000). Pores in the Wall: Claudins Constitute Tight Junction Strands Containing Aqueous Pores. JCB 149: 13-16 [Full Text]
Chen, Y.-h., Lu, Q., Schneeberger, E. E., Goodenough, D. A. (2000). Restoration of Tight Junction Structure and Barrier Function by Down-Regulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Ras-transformed Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells. Mol. Biol. Cell 11: 849-862 [Abstract] [Full Text]