Regulation of Flagellar Dynein by Phosphorylation of a 138-kD Inner Arm Dynein Intermediate Chain

doi:10.1083/jcb.136.1.167

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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/1997//167 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 136, Number 1, , 1997 167-176

Article

Regulation of Flagellar Dynein by Phosphorylation of a 138-kD Inner Arm Dynein Intermediate Chain

Geoffrey Habermacher and Winfield S. Sale

Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322

One of the challenges in understanding ciliary and flagellarmotility is determining the mechanisms that locally regulatedynein-driven microtubule sliding. Our recent studies demonstratedthat microtubule sliding, in Chlamydomonas flagella, is regulatedby phosphorylation. However, the regulatory proteins remainunknown. Here we identify the 138-kD intermediate chain of innerarm dynein I1 as the critical phosphoprotein required for regulationof motility. This conclusion is founded on the results of threedifferent experimental approaches. First, genetic analysisand functional assays revealed that regulation of microtubulesliding, by phosphorylation, requires inner arm dynein I1. Second,in vitro phosphorylation indicated the 138-kD intermediatechain of I1 is the only phosphorylated subunit. Third, in vitroreconstitution demonstrated that phosphorylation and dephosphorylationof the 138-kD intermediate chain inhibits and restores wild-typemicrotubule sliding, respectively. We conclude that change inphosphorylation of the 138-kD intermediate chain of I1 regulatesdynein-driven microtubule sliding. Moreover, based on theseand other data, we predict that regulation of I1 activity isinvolved in modulation of flagellar waveform.

The work reported here was supported by a grant from the NationalInstitutes of Health (GM51173).

Address all correspondence to Winfield S. Sale, Department ofAnatomy and Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322. Tel.: (404) 727-6265. Fax: (404) 727-6256.e-mail: win{at}anatomy.emory.edu

1. Abbreviation used in this paper: drc, dynein regulatory complex.

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