Targeting of Chitin Synthase 3 to Polarized Growth Sites in Yeast Requires Chs5p and Myo2p

doi:10.1083/jcb.136.1.95

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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/1997//95 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 136, Number 1, , 1997 95-110

Article

Targeting of Chitin Synthase 3 to Polarized Growth Sites in Yeast Requires Chs5p and Myo2p

Beatriz Santos and Michael Snyder

Department of Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103

Chitin is an essential structural component of the yeast cellwall whose deposition is regulated throughout the yeast lifecycle. The temporal and spatial regulation of chitin synthesiswas investigated during vegetative growth and mating of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by localization of the putative catalytic subunitof chitin synthase III, Chs3p, and its regulator, Chs5p. Immunolocalizationof epitope-tagged Chs3p revealed a novel localization patternthat is cell cycledependent. Chs3p is polarized as a diffusering at the incipient bud site and at the neck between themother and bud in small-budded cells; it is not found at the neck in large-budded cells containing a single nucleus. Inlarge-budded cells undergoing cytokinesis, it reappears as aring at the neck. In cells responding to mating pheromone, Chs3pis found throughout the projection. The appearance of Chs3pat cortical sites correlates with times that chitin synthesisis expected to occur. In addition to its localization at theincipient bud site and neck, Chs3p is also found in cytoplasmic patches in cells at different stages of the cell cycle. Epitope-taggedChs5p also localizes to cytoplasmic patches; these patchescontain Kex2p, a late Golgi-associated enzyme. Unlike Chs3p,Chs5p does not accumulate at the incipient bud site or neck.Nearly all Chs3p patches contain Chs5p, whereas some Chs5ppatches lack detectable Chs3p. In the absence of Chs5p, Chs3p localizes in cytoplasmic patches, but it is no longer foundat the neck or the incipient bud site, indicating that Chs5pis required for the polarization of Chs3p. Furthermore, Chs5plocalization is not affected either by temperature shift orby the myo2-66 mutation, however, Chs3p polarization is affectedby temperature shift and myo2-66. We suggest a model in whichChs3p polarization to cortical sites in yeast is dependenton both Chs5p and the actin cytoskeleton/Myo2p.

This research was supported by grant GM36494 to M. Snyder anda postdoctoral fellowship from Ministerio de Educacióny Ciencia, Madrid, Spain to B. Santos.

1. Abbreviation used in this paper: HA, hemagglutinin.

Please address all correspondence to M. Snyder, Department ofBiology, P.O.Box 208103, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103.Tel.: (203) 432-6139. Fax: (203) 432-6161. E-mail: Snyder{at}quickmail.yale.edu

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