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Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78434 Konstanz, Germany
In Paramecium tetraurelia, polyamine-triggered exocytosis is accompanied by the activation of
Ca2+-activated currents across the cell membrane (Erxleben, C., and H. Plattner. 1994. J. Cell Biol. 127:935-
945). We now show by voltage clamp and extracellular
recordings that the product of current × time (As)
closely parallels the number of exocytotic events. We
suggest that Ca2+ mobilization from subplasmalemmal
storage compartments, covering almost the entire cell
surface, is a key event. In fact, after local stimulation,
Ca2+ imaging with high time resolution reveals rapid,
transient, local signals even when extracellular Ca2+ is
quenched to or below resting intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]e 
[Ca2+]i). Under these conditions,
quenched-flow/freeze-fracture analysis shows that
membrane fusion is only partially inhibited. Increasing [Ca2+]e alone, i.e., without secretagogue, causes rapid,
strong cortical increase of [Ca2+]i but no exocytosis. In
various cells, the ratio of maximal vs. minimal currents
registered during maximal stimulation or single exocytotic events, respectively, correlate nicely with the number of Ca stores available. Since no quantal current
steps could be observed, this is again compatible with
the combined occurrence of Ca2+ mobilization from
stores (providing close to threshold Ca2+ levels) and
Ca2+ influx from the medium (which per se does not
cause exocytosis). This implies that only the combination of Ca2+ flushes, primarily from internal and secondarily from external sources, can produce a signal
triggering rapid, local exocytotic responses, as requested for Paramecium defense.
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