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* Institute of General Microbiology, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Exoribonucleases are important enzymes for
the turnover of cellular RNA species. We have isolated
the first mammalian cDNA from mouse demonstrated
to encode a 5 Section of Human Biology and Genetics,
University of Kaiserslautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany; § Basel Institute of Immunology, CH-4005 Basel, Switzerland;
and Institute of Gene Biology, Moscow 117 334, Russia
-3 exoribonuclease. The structural conservation of the predicted protein and complementation data in Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggest a role in
cytoplasmic mRNA turnover and pre-rRNA processing
similar to that of the major cytoplasmic exoribonuclease Xrn1p in yeast. Therefore, a key component of
the mRNA decay system in S. cerevisiae has been conserved in evolution from yeasts to mammals. The purified mouse protein (mXRN1p) exhibited a novel substrate preference for G4 RNA tetraplex-containing substrates demonstrated in binding and hydrolysis experiments. mXRN1p is the first RNA turnover function
that has been localized in the cytoplasm of mammalian
cells. mXRN1p was distributed in small granules and
was highly enriched in discrete, prominent foci. The
specificity of mXRN1p suggests that RNAs containing G4 tetraplex structures may occur in vivo and may have
a role in RNA turnover.
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