Partitioning of the Golgi Apparatus during Mitosis in Living HeLa Cells

doi:10.1083/jcb.137.6.1211

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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/1997//1211 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 137, Number 6, , 1997 1211-1228

Article

Partitioning of the Golgi Apparatus during Mitosis in Living HeLa Cells

David T. Shima^*, Kasturi Haldar, Rainer Pepperkok, Rose Watson^*, and Graham Warren^*

^* Cell Biology Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London WC2A, 3PX, UK; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5402; and Departement de Biologie Cellulaire, Universite de Geneve, CH-1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland

The Golgi apparatus of HeLa cells was fluorescently tagged witha green fluorescent protein (GFP), localized by attachmentto the NH₂-terminal retention signal of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferaseI (NAGT I). The location was confirmed by immunogold and immunofluorescencemicroscopy using a variety of Golgi markers. The behavior ofthe fluorescent Golgi marker was observed in fixed and livingmitotic cells using confocal microscopy. By metaphase, cellscontained a constant number of Golgi fragments dispersed throughoutthe cytoplasm. Conventional and cryoimmunoelectron microscopyshowed that the NAGT I–GFP chimera (NAGFP)-positive fragmentswere tubulo-vesicular mitotic Golgi clusters. Mitotic conversionof Golgi stacks into mitotic clusters had surprisingly littleeffect on the polarity of Golgi membrane markers at the levelof fluorescence microscopy. In living cells, there was littleself-directed movement of the clusters in the period from metaphaseto early telophase. In late telophase, the Golgi ribbon beganto be reformed by a dynamic process of congregation and tubulationof the newly inherited Golgi fragments. The accuracy of partitioningthe NAGFP-tagged Golgi was found to exceed that expected fora stochastic partitioning process. The results provide directevidence for mitotic clusters as the unit of partitioning andsuggest that precise regulation of the number, position, andcompartmentation of mitotic membranes is a critical featurefor the ordered inheritance of the Golgi apparatus.

Abbreviations used in this paper: CMV, cytomegalovirus; GFP, green fluorescent protein; NAGFP, NAGT I–GFP chimera; NAGT I, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I.

D.T. Shima is a Hitchings-Elion Fellow, funded by the Burroughs Wellcome Fund. This work was partly supported by a NetworkGrant (No. ERB4050PL932029) from the European Union.

Address all correspondence to Dr. Graham Warren, Cell BiologyLaboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, 44 Lincoln's InnFields, London WC2A, 3PX, UK. Tel.: 0171-269-3561. Fax: 0171-269-3417.E-mail: g.warren{at}europa.lif.icnet.uk

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