J. Cell Biol.
© The Rockefeller University Press
0021-9525/97/10/145/12 $2.00
Volume 139, Number 1, October 6, 1997 145-156

Positive and Negative Regulation of Muscle Cell Identity by Members of the hedgehog and TGF- Gene Families

Shao Jun Du,^* Stephen H. Devoto, Monte Westerfield, and Randall T. Moon^*

^* Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195; and  Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403

We have examined whether the development of embryonic muscle fiber type is regulated by competing influences between Hedgehog and TGF- signals, as previously shown for development of neuronal cell identity in the neural tube. We found that ectopic expression of Hedgehogs or inhibition of protein kinase A in zebrafish embryos induces slow muscle precursors throughout the somite but muscle pioneer cells only in the middle of the somite. Ectopic expression in the notochord of Dorsalin-1, a member of the TGF- superfamily, inhibits the formation of muscle pioneer cells, demonstrating that TGF- signals can antagonize the induction of muscle pioneer cells by Hedgehog. We propose that a Hedgehog signal first induces the formation of slow muscle precursor cells, and subsequent Hedgehog and TGF- signals exert competing positive and negative influences on the development of muscle pioneer cells.

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