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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/1998//499 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 140, Number 3, , 1998 499-509

Article

SUMO-1 Modification and Its Role in Targeting the Ran GTPase-activating Protein, RanGAP1, to the Nuclear Pore Complex



Michael J. Matunis, Jian Wu, and Günter Blobel

Laboratory of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York 10021

RanGAP1 is the GTPase-activating protein for Ran, a small ras-like GTPase involved in regulating nucleocytoplasmic transport. In vertebrates, RanGAP1 is present in two forms: one that is cytoplasmic, and another that is concentrated at the cytoplasmic fibers of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). The NPC-associated form of RanGAP1 is covalently modified by the small ubiquitin-like protein, SUMO-1, and we have recently proposed that SUMO-1 modification functions to target RanGAP1 to the NPC. Here, we identify the domain of RanGAP1 that specifies SUMO-1 modification and demonstrate that mutations in this domain that inhibit modification also inhibit targeting to the NPC. Targeting of a heterologous protein to the NPC depended on determinants specifying SUMO-1 modification and also on additional determinants in the COOH-terminal domain of RanGAP1. SUMO-1 modification and these additional determinants were found to specify interaction between the COOH-terminal domain of RanGAP1 and a region of the nucleoporin, Nup358, between Ran-binding domains three and four. Together, these findings indicate that SUMO-1 modification targets RanGAP1 to the NPC by exposing, or creating, a Nup358 binding site in the COOH-terminal domain of RanGAP1. Surprisingly, the COOH-terminal domain of RanGAP1 was also found to harbor a nuclear localization signal. This nuclear localization signal, and the presence of nine leucine-rich nuclear export signal motifs, suggests that RanGAP1 may shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

Abbreviations used in this paper: GST, glutathione-S-transferase; NLS, nuclear localization signal; NPC, nuclear pore complex; SUMO-1, small ubiquitin-like modifier 1; Ub, ubiquitin; UCRP, ubiquitin cross-reactive protein.

Address all correspondence to Michael Matunis, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021. Tel.: (212) 327-8101. Fax: (212) 327-7880. E-mail: matunim{at}rockvax.rockefeller.edu


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