A Putative Catenin-Cadherin System Mediates Morphogenesis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Embryo

doi:10.1083/jcb.141.1.297

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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/1998//297 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 141, Number 1, , 1998 297-308

Regular Articles

A Putative Catenin–Cadherin System Mediates Morphogenesis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Embryo

Michael Costa^*, William Raich, Cristina Agbunag^*^,||, Ben Leung^*^,||^,¶, Jeff Hardin^,, and James R. Priess^*^,||^,¶^,**

^* Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; ^|| Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and ^¶ Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, ^** Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195

During morphogenesis of the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo,hypodermal (or epidermal) cells migrate to enclose the embryoin an epithelium and, subsequently, change shape coordinatelyto elongate the body (Priess, J.R., and D.I. Hirsh. 1986. Dev.Biol. 117:156– 173; Williams-Masson, E.M., A.N. Malik,and J. Hardin. 1997. Development [Camb.]. 124:2889–2901).We have isolated mutants defective in morphogenesis that identifythree genes required for both cell migration during body enclosureand cell shape change during body elongation. Analyses of hmp-1,hmp-2, and hmr-1 mutants suggest that products of these genesanchor contractile actin filament bundles at the adherens junctionsbetween hypodermal cells and, thereby, transmit the force ofbundle contraction into cell shape change. The protein productsof all three genes localize to hypodermal adherens junctionsin embryos. The sequences of the predicted HMP-1, HMP-2, andHMR-1 proteins are related to the cell adhesion proteins ${alpha}$ -catenin,β-catenin/Armadillo, and classical cadherin, respectively.This putative catenin–cadherin system is not essentialfor general cell adhesion in the C. elegans embryo, but rathermediates specific aspects of morphogenetic cell shape changeand cytoskeletal organization.

Abbreviations used in this paper: AJ, adherens junction; AJF, adherens junction filament; CF, circumferential filament; CFB, circumferential filament bundle; GST, glutathione S-transferase; Hmp, humpback; Hmr, hammerhead; Pat, paralyzed, arrested elongation at twofold; RNAi, RNA-mediated interference.

Address all correspondence to M. Costa, Exelixis Pharmaceuticals,Inc., 260 Littlefield Ave., South San Francisco, CA 94080.Tel.: (650) 825-2233. Fax: (650) 825-2205. E-mail: mcosta{at}exelixis.com

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