Xgrip109: A gamma  Tubulin-Associated Protein with an Essential Role in gamma  Tubulin Ring Complex (gamma TuRC) Assembly and Centrosome Function

doi:10.1083/jcb.141.3.675

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J. Cell Biol., Volume 141, Number 3, May 4, 1998 675-687

Xgrip109: A $gamma$ Tubulin-Associated Protein with an Essential Role in $gamma$ Tubulin Ring Complex ( $gamma$ TuRC) Assembly and Centrosome Function

Ona C. Martin,^* Ruwanthi N. Gunawardane,^* Akihiro Iwamatsu, and Yixian Zheng^*

^* Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, Maryland 21210; and Central Laboratories for Key Technology, Kirin Brewery Company, Ltd., Yokohama 236, Japan

Previous studies indicate that $gamma$ tubulin ring complex ( $gamma$ TuRC) can nucleate microtubule assembly and may be important in centrosomeformation. $gamma$ TuRC contains approximately eight subunits, whichwe refer to as Xenopus gamma ring proteins (Xgrips), in additionto $gamma$ tubulin. We found that one $gamma$ TuRC subunit, Xgrip109, is ahighly conserved protein, with homologues present in yeast, rice,flies, zebrafish, mice, and humans. The yeast Xgrip109 homologue,Spc98, is a spindle-pole body component that interacts with $gamma$ tubulin. In vertebrates, Xgrip109 identifies two families of relatedproteins. Xgrip109 and Spc98 have more homology to one familythan the other. We show that Xgrip109 is a centrosomal proteinthat directly interacts with $gamma$ tubulin. We have developed a complementationassay for centrosome formation using demembranated Xenopus spermand Xenopus egg extract. Using this assay, we show that Xgrip109is necessary for the reassembly of salt-disrupted $gamma$ TuRC and forthe recruitment of $gamma$ tubulin to the centrosome. Xgrip109, therefore,is essential for the formation of a functional centrosome.

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Xgrip109: A Tubulin-Associated Protein with an Essential Role in Tubulin Ring Complex (TuRC) Assembly and Centrosome Function

Xgrip109: A $gamma$ Tubulin-Associated Protein with an Essential Role in $gamma$ Tubulin Ring Complex ( $gamma$ TuRC) Assembly and Centrosome Function