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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/1998//1381 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 142, Number 5, , 1998 1381-1391

Articles

Endothelial Cell E- and P-Selectin and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Function as Signaling Receptors



P. Lorenzon*, E. Vecile*, E. Nardon*, E. Ferrero{ddagger}, J.M. Harlan§, F. Tedesco*, and A. Dobrina*

* Department of Physiology and Pathology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy 34127; {ddagger} Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy 20132; and § Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195

Previous studies have shown that polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) adherence to endothelial cells (EC) induces transient increases in EC cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) that are required for PMN transit across the EC barrier (Huang, A.J., J.E. Manning, T.M. Bandak, M.C. Ratau, K.R. Hanser, and S.C. Silverstein. 1993. J. Cell Biol. 120:1371–1380). To determine whether stimulation of [Ca2+]i changes in EC by leukocytes was induced by the same molecules that mediate leukocyte adherence to EC, [Ca2+]i was measured in Fura2-loaded human EC monolayers. Expression of adhesion molecules by EC was induced by a pretreatment of the cells with histamine or with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and [Ca2+]i was measured in single EC after the addition of mAbs directed against the EC adhesion proteins P-selectin, E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), or platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1). Both anti–P- and anti–E-selectin mAb, as well as anti–VCAM-1 mAb, induced transient increases in EC [Ca2+]i that were comparable to those induced by 200 µM histamine. In contrast, no effect was obtained by mAbs directed against the endothelial ICAM-1 or PECAM-1. PMN adherence directly stimulated increases in [Ca2+]i in histamine- or LPS-treated EC. mAbs directed against leukocyte CD18 or PECAM-1, the leukocyte counter-receptors for endothelial ICAM-1 and PECAM-1, respectively, did not inhibit PMN-induced EC activation. In contrast, mAb directed against sialyl Lewis x (sLex), a PMN ligand for endothelial P- and E-selectin, completely inhibited EC stimulation by adherent PMN. Changes in EC [Ca2+]i were also observed after adherence of peripheral blood monocytes to EC treated with LPS for 5 or 24 h. In these experiments, the combined addition of mAbs to sLex and VLA-4, the leukocyte counter-receptor for endothelial VCAM-1, inhibited [Ca2+]i changes in the 5 h–treated EC, whereas the anti–VLA-4 mAb alone was sufficient to inhibit [Ca2+]i changes in the 24 h-treated EC. Again, no inhibitory effect was observed with an anti-CD18 or anti–PECAM-1 mAb. Of note, the conditions that induced changes in EC [Ca2+]i, i.e., mAbs directed against endothelial selectins or VCAM-1, and PMN or monocyte adhesion to EC via selectins or VCAM-1, but not via ICAM-1 or PECAM-1, also induced a rearrangement of EC cytoskeletal microfilaments from a circumferential ring to stress fibers. We conclude that, in addition to their role as adhesion receptors, endothelial selectins and VCAM-1 mediate endothelial stimulation by adhering leukocytes.

Key Words: endothelial • adherence • signaling • selectin • VCAM-l

Abbreviations used in this paper: EC, endothelial cells; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; ICAM, PECAM, VCAM, intercellular, platelet/endothelial, vascular cell adhesion molecule; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; PMN, polymorphonuclear leukocyte; sLex, sialyl Lewis x.

Address all correspondence to A. Dobrina, M.D., Department of Physiology and Pathology, University of Trieste, Via A. Fleming, 22, 34127 Trieste, Italy. Tel.: (+39) 40 572012. Fax: (+39) 40 567862. E-mail: dobrina{at}fc.univ.trieste.it


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