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J. Cell Biol.,
Volume 143, Number 1, October 5, 1998 13-22
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024
We examined the effect of cell cycle progression on various levels of chromosome organization in
Drosophila. Using bromodeoxyuridine incorporation
and DNA quantitation in combination with fluorescence in situ hybridization, we detected gross chromosomal movements in diploid interphase nuclei of larvae.
At the onset of S-phase, an increased separation was
seen between proximal and distal positions of a long
chromsome arm. Progression through S-phase disrupted heterochromatic associations that have been
correlated with gene silencing. Additionally, we have
found that large-scale G1 nuclear architecture is continually dynamic. Nuclei display a Rabl configuration for
only ~2 h after mitosis, and with further progression of
G1-phase can establish heterochromatic interactions
between distal and proximal parts of the chromosome
arm. We also find evidence that somatic pairing of homologous chromosomes is disrupted during S-phase
more rapidly for a euchromatic than for a heterochromatic region. Such interphase chromosome movements
suggest a possible mechanism that links gene regulation
via nuclear positioning to the cell cycle: delayed maturation of heterochromatin during G1-phase delays establishment of a silent chromatin state.
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