Fab1p Is Essential for PtdIns(3)P 5-Kinase Activity and the Maintenance of Vacuolar Size and Membrane Homeostasis

doi:10.1083/jcb.143.1.65

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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/1998//65 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 143, Number 1, , 1998 65-79

Regular Articles

Fab1p Is Essential for PtdIns(3)P 5-Kinase Activity and the Maintenance of Vacuolar Size and Membrane Homeostasis

Jonathan D. Gary^*, Andrew E. Wurmser^*, Cecilia J. Bonangelino, Lois S. Weisman, and Scott D. Emr^*

^* Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0668; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae FAB1 gene encodes a 257-kD proteinthat contains a cysteine-rich RING-FYVE domain at its NH₂-terminusand a kinase domain at its COOH terminus. Based on its sequence, Fab1p was initially proposed to function as a phosphatidylinositol4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) 5-kinase (Yamamoto et al., 1995). Additionalsequence analysis of the Fab1p kinase domain, reveals thatFab1p defines a subfamily of putative PtdInsP kinases that isdistinct from the kinases that synthesize PtdIns(4,5)P₂. Consistent with this, we find that unlike wild-type cells, fab1 ${Delta}$ , fab1^tsf,and fab1 kinase domain point mutants lack detectable levelsof PtdIns(3,5)P₂, a phosphoinositide recently identified bothin yeast and mammalian cells. PtdIns(4,5)P₂ synthesis, on theother hand, is only moderately affected even in fab1 ${Delta}$ mutants.The presence of PtdIns(3)P in fab1 mutants, combined with previous data, indicate that PtdIns(3,5)P₂ synthesis is a two step process, requiring the production of PtdIns(3)P by the Vps34pPtdIns 3-kinase and the subsequent Fab1p- dependent phosphorylationof PtdIns(3)P yielding PtdIns(3,5)P₂. Although Vps34p-mediatedsynthesis of PtdIns(3)P is required for the proper sortingof hydrolases from the Golgi to the vacuole, the productionof PtdIns(3,5)P₂ by Fab1p does not directly affect Golgi to vacuole trafficking, suggesting that PtdIns(3,5)P₂ has a distinctfunction. The major phenotypes resulting from Fab1p kinaseinactivation include temperature-sensitive growth, vacuolaracidification defects, and dramatic increases in vacuolar size.Based on our studies, we hypothesize that whereas Vps34p isessential for anterograde trafficking of membrane and proteincargoes to the vacuole, Fab1p may play an important compensatoryrole in the recycling/turnover of membranes deposited at thevacuole. Interestingly, deletion of VAC7 also results in anenlarged vacuole morphology and has no detectable PtdIns(3,5)P₂,suggesting that Vac7p functions as an upstream regulator, perhapsin a complex with Fab1p. We propose that Fab1p and Vac7p are components of a signal transduction pathway which functionsto regulate the efflux or turnover of vacuolar membranes throughthe regulated production of PtdIns(3,5)P₂.

Key Words: vacuole • lipid kinase • PtdIns(3,5)P₂ • VAC7 • VPS34

Abbreviations used in this paper: a.a., amino acid; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; API, aminopeptidase I; CPS, carboxypeptidase S; CPY, carboxypeptidase Y; G6PHD, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase; PITP, PtdIns transfer protein; PtdIns(4)P, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate.

The first two authors contributed equally to this work.

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