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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/1998//1259 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 143, Number 5, , 1998 1259-1270

Article

Kakapo, a Novel Cytoskeletal-associated Protein Is Essential for the Restricted Localization of the Neuregulin-like Factor, Vein, at the Muscle–Tendon Junction Site



Dan Strumpf and Talila Volk

Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel

In the Drosophila embryo, the correct association of muscles with their specific tendon cells is achieved through reciprocal interactions between these two distinct cell types. Tendon cell differentiation is initiated by activation of the EGF-receptor signaling pathway within these cells by Vein, a neuregulin-like factor secreted by the approaching myotube. Here, we describe the cloning and the molecular and genetic analyses of kakapo, a Drosophila gene, expressed in the tendons, that is essential for muscle-dependent tendon cell differentiation. Kakapo is a large intracellular protein and contains structural domains also found in cytoskeletal-related vertebrate proteins (including plakin, dystrophin, and Gas2 family members). kakapo mutant embryos exhibit abnormal muscle-dependent tendon cell differentiation. A major defect in the kakapo mutant tendon cells is the failure of Vein to be localized at the muscle–tendon junctional site; instead, Vein is dispersed and its levels are reduced. This may lead to aberrant differentiation of tendon cells and consequently to the kakapo mutant deranged somatic muscle phenotype.

Key Words: muscles • Drosophila • tendons • Egfr • neuregulin • cytoskeleton

Abbreviations used in this paper: EMA, epidermal muscle attachment; kak, kakapo; ORF, open reading frame.

This research was supported by a grant from the Israel Science Foundation (to T. Volk).

Address all correspondence to Talila Volk, Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel. Tel.: 972-8-9342426. Fax: 972-8-9344108. E-mail: lgvolk{at}wiccmail.weizmann.ac.il


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