Desmoplakin Is Required Early in Development for Assembly of Desmosomes and Cytoskeletal Linkage

doi:10.1083/jcb.143.7.2009

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J. Cell Biol., Volume 143, Number 7, December 28, 1998 2009-2022

Desmoplakin Is Required Early in Development for Assembly of Desmosomes and Cytoskeletal Linkage

G. Ian Gallicano, Panos Kouklis, Christoph Bauer, Mei Yin, Valeri Vasioukhin, Linda Degenstein, and Elaine Fuchs

Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago Illinois 60637

Desmosomes first assemble in the E3.5 mouse trophectoderm, concomitant with establishment of epithelial polarity and appearanceof a blastocoel cavity. Throughout development, they increasein size and number and are especially abundant in epidermis andheart muscle. Desmosomes mediate cell-cell adhesion through desmosomalcadherins, which differ from classical cadherins in their attachmentsto intermediate filaments (IFs), rather than actin filaments.Of the proteins implicated in making this IF connection, onlydesmoplakin (DP) is both exclusive to and ubiquitous among desmosomes.To explore its function and importance to tissue integrity, weablated the desmoplakin gene. Homozygous $-$ / $-$ mutant embryos proceededthrough implantation, but did not survive beyond E6.5. Mutantembryos proceeded through implantation, but did not survive beyondE6.5. Surprisingly, analysis of these embryos revealed a criticalrole for desmoplakin not only in anchoring IFs to desmosomes,but also in desmosome assembly and/or stabilization. This findingnot only unveiled a new function for desmoplakin, but also providedthe first opportunity to explore desmosome function during embryogenesis.While a blastocoel cavity formed and epithelial cell polaritywas at least partially established in the DP ( $-$ / $-$ ) embryos, thepaucity of desmosomal cell-cell junctions severely affected themodeling of tissue architecture and shaping of the early embryo.

Key words: desmoplakin; desmosomes; cadherins; embryonic lethal; knockout

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