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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/1999//31 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 144, Number 1, , 1999 31-43

Article

Distinct Dynamin-dependent and -independent Mechanisms Target Structurally Homologous Dopamine Receptors to Different Endocytic Membranes



Ross G. Vickery and Mark von Zastrow

Department of Psychiatry and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0984

D1 and D2 dopamine receptors are structurally homologous G protein–coupled receptors that serve distinct physiological functions both in neurons and nonneural cell types. We have observed that these receptors are selectively endocytosed in HEK293 cells by distinct dynamin-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Although these endocytic mechanisms operate with similarly rapid kinetics, they differ in their regulation by agonist and deliver D1 and D2 receptors specifically to different primary endocytic vesicles. After this segregation into different endocytic membranes, both D1 and D2 receptors recycle to the plasma membrane. Similar results are observed in Neuro2A neuroblastoma cells coexpressing both receptors at high levels. These findings establish that "classical" dynamin-dependent and "alternative" dynamin-independent endocytic mechanisms differ in their physiological regulation, sort structurally homologous signaling receptors in the plasma membrane, and mediate distinct early endocytic pathways leading to recycling endosomes. Our results also refute the previous hypothesis that dynamin-independent endocytosis targets G protein–coupled receptors selectively to lysosomes, and they suggest a new role of endocytic sorting mechanisms in physically segregating structurally homologous signaling receptors at the cell surface.

Key Words: receptor • endocytosis • dopamine • cell membrane • cell physiology

Abbreviations used in this paper: HEK, human embryonic kidney.

These studies were funded by a grant from the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (to R.G. Vickery), a postdoctoral training fellowship from the National Institutes of Health (to R.G. Vickery), and a research grant from the Tourette Syndrome Association (to M. von Zastrow). R.G. Vickery is a Staglin Fellow in Molecular Neurobiology.


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