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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/1999//201 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 144, Number 2, , 1999 201-211

Nuclear Import of the Parsley bZIP Transcription Factor CPRF2 Is Regulated by Phytochrome Photoreceptors

Institut für Biologie II/Botanik, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany

In plants, light perception by photoreceptors leads to differential expression of an enormous number of genes. An important step for differential gene expression is the regulation of transcription factor activities. To understand these processes in light signal transduction we analyzed the three well-known members of the common plant regulatory factor (CPRF) family from parsley (Petroselinum crispum). Here, we demonstrate that these CPRFs, which belong to the basic- region leucine-zipper (bZIP) domain-containing transcription factors, are differentially distributed within parsley cells, indicating different regulatory functions within the regulatory networks of the plant cell. In particular, we show by cell fractionation and immunolocalization approaches that CPRF2 is transported from the cytosol into the nucleus upon irradiation due to action of phytochrome photoreceptors. Two NH₂-terminal domains responsible for cytoplasmic localization of CPRF2 in the dark were characterized by deletion analysis using a set of CPRF2-green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene fusion constructs transiently expressed in parsley protoplasts. We suggest that light-induced nuclear import of CPRF2 is an essential step in phytochrome signal transduction.

Key Words: light regulation • phytochrome • bZIP transcription factors • nucleocytoplasmic partitioning • retention domain

Abbreviations used in this paper: aa, amino acid; bZIP, basic-region leucine-zipper domain; CHS, chalcon synthase; CKII, casein kinase II; CPRF, common plant regulatory factor; EMSSA, electrophoretic mobility supershift assay; GBF, G-box–binding factor; GFP, green fluorescent protein; NLS, nuclear localization sequence; P_fr, far-red light absorbing form of phytochrome; phy, phytochrome; P_r, red light-absorbing form of phytochrome; r, recombinant; RG9, long wavelength far-red light.

S. Kircher and F. Wellmer contributed equally to this work.

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