Home | Help | Feedback | Subscriptions | Archive | Search | Table of Contents

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF, 1538K) PPT slides of all figures Alert me when this article is cited Citation Map Services Email this article Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new content in the JCB Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Slee, E. A. Articles by Martin, S. J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Slee, E. A. Articles by Martin, S. J. Social Bookmarking                            What's this?

© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/1999//281 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 144, Number 2, , 1999 281-292

Ordering the Cytochrome c–initiated Caspase Cascade: Hierarchical Activation of Caspases-2, -3, -6, -7, -8, and -10 in a Caspase-9–dependent Manner

Elizabeth A. Slee^*, Mary T. Harte^*, Ruth M. Kluck, Beni B. Wolf, Carlos A. Casiano, Donald D. Newmeyer, Hong-Gang Wang^||, John C. Reed^||, Donald W. Nicholson^¶, Emad S. Alnemri^**, Douglas R. Green, and Seamus J. Martin^*

^* Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; Division of Cellular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, California 92121; Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; ^|| The Burnham Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; ^¶ Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Pointe Claire-Dorval, Quebec, H9R 4P8, Canada; and ^** Center for Apoptosis Research and The Kimmel Cancer Institute, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107

Exit of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol has been implicated as an important step in apoptosis. In the cytosol, cytochrome c binds to the CED-4 homologue, Apaf-1, thereby triggering Apaf-1–mediated activation of caspase-9. Caspase-9 is thought to propagate the death signal by triggering other caspase activation events, the details of which remain obscure. Here, we report that six additional caspases (caspases-2, -3, -6, -7, -8, and -10) are processed in cell-free extracts in response to cytochrome c, and that three others (caspases-1, -4, and -5) failed to be activated under the same conditions. In vitro association assays confirmed that caspase-9 selectively bound to Apaf-1, whereas caspases-1, -2, -3, -6, -7, -8, and -10 did not. Depletion of caspase-9 from cell extracts abrogated cytochrome c–inducible activation of caspases-2, -3, -6, -7, -8, and -10, suggesting that caspase-9 is required for all of these downstream caspase activation events. Immunodepletion of caspases-3, -6, and -7 from cell extracts enabled us to order the sequence of caspase activation events downstream of caspase-9 and reveal the presence of a branched caspase cascade. Caspase-3 is required for the activation of four other caspases (-2, -6, -8, and -10) in this pathway and also participates in a feedback amplification loop involving caspase-9.

Key Words: Apaf-1 • apoptosis • caspases • cell-free • cytochrome c

Abbreviations used in this paper: CEB, cell extract buffer; ES, embryonic stem.

CiteULike

Complore

Connotea

Del.icio.us

Digg

Facebook

Reddit

Technorati

Twitter

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Pellicano, F., Copland, M., Jorgensen, H. G., Mountford, J., Leber, B., Holyoake, T. L. (2009). BMS-214662 induces mitochondrial apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) stem/progenitor cells, including CD34+38- cells, through activation of protein kinase C{beta}. Blood 114: 4186-4196 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Adrain, C., Martin, S. J. (2009). Apoptosis: Calling Time on Apoptosome Activity. Sci Signal 2: pe62-pe62 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Banerjee, A., Saito, K., Meyer, K., Banerjee, S., Ait-Goughoulte, M., Ray, R. B., Ray, R. (2009). Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein and Cellular Protein HAX-1 Promote 5-Fluorouracil-Mediated Hepatocyte Growth Inhibition. J. Virol. 83: 9663-9671 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ohsawa, S., Hamada, S., Asou, H., Kuida, K., Uchiyama, Y., Yoshida, H., Miura, M. (2009). Caspase-9 Activation Revealed by Semaphorin 7A Cleavage Is Independent of Apoptosis in the Aged Olfactory Bulb. J. Neurosci. 29: 11385-11392 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kippenberger, S., Muller, J., Schultz, M., Dorn, A., Bock, A., Aygun, H., Thaci, D., Hofmann, M., Kaufmann, R., Bernd, A. (2009). Oligonucleotides suppress PKB/Akt and act as superinductors of apoptosis in human keratinocytes. Nucleic Acids Res 37: 3850-3864 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lu, Q., Patel, B., Harrington, E. O., Rounds, S. (2009). Transforming growth factor-{beta}1 causes pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis via ALK5. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 296: L825-L838 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• TAKAYA, M., NOMURA, M., TAKAHASHI, T., KONDO, Y., LEE, K.-T., KOBAYASHI, S. (2009). 23-Hydroxyursolic Acid Causes Cell Growth-Inhibition by Inducing Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Human Cervical Squamous Carcinoma HeLa Cells. Anticancer Res 29: 995-1000 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Engedal, N., Auberger, P., Blomhoff, H. K. (2009). Retinoic acid regulates Fas-induced apoptosis in Jurkat T cells: reversal of mitogen-mediated repression of Fas DISC assembly. J. Leukoc. Biol. 85: 469-480 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cullen, S. P., Afonina, I. S., Donadini, R., Luthi, A. U., Medema, J. P., Bird, P. I., Martin, S. J. (2009). Nucleophosmin Is Cleaved and Inactivated by the Cytotoxic Granule Protease Granzyme M during Natural Killer Cell-mediated Killing. J. Biol. Chem. 284: 5137-5147 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rust, C., Wild, N., Bernt, C., Vennegeerts, T., Wimmer, R., Beuers, U. (2009). Bile Acid-induced Apoptosis in Hepatocytes Is Caspase-6-dependent. J. Biol. Chem. 284: 2908-2916 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gonzalvez, F., Schug, Z. T., Houtkooper, R. H., MacKenzie, E. D., Brooks, D. G., Wanders, R. J.A., Petit, P. X., Vaz, F. M., Gottlieb, E. (2008). Cardiolipin provides an essential activating platform for caspase-8 on mitochondria. JCB 183: 681-696 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Murray, T. V. A., McMahon, J. M., Howley, B. A., Stanley, A., Ritter, T., Mohr, A., Zwacka, R., Fearnhead, H. O. (2008). A non-apoptotic role for caspase-9 in muscle differentiation. J. Cell Sci. 121: 3786-3793 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Niizuma, K., Endo, H., Nito, C., Myer, D. J., Kim, G. S., Chan, P. H. (2008). The PIDDosome mediates delayed death of hippocampal CA1 neurons after transient global cerebral ischemia in rats. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 16368-16373 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Walsh, J. G., Cullen, S. P., Sheridan, C., Luthi, A. U., Gerner, C., Martin, S. J. (2008). Executioner caspase-3 and caspase-7 are functionally distinct proteases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 12815-12819 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chung, H., Seo, S., Moon, M., Park, S. (2008). Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3{beta} and ERK1/2 pathways mediate protective effects of acylated and unacylated ghrelin against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced apoptosis in primary rat cortical neuronal cells. J Endocrinol 198: 511-521 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Stegh, A. H., Kesari, S., Mahoney, J. E., Jenq, H. T., Forloney, K. L., Protopopov, A., Louis, D. N., Chin, L., DePinho, R. A. (2008). Bcl2L12-mediated inhibition of effector caspase-3 and caspase-7 via distinct mechanisms in glioblastoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 10703-10708 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tsao, C.-H., Su, H.-L., Lin, Y.-L., Yu, H.-P., Kuo, S.-M., Shen, C.-I, Chen, C.-W., Liao, C.-L. (2008). Japanese encephalitis virus infection activates caspase-8 and -9 in a FADD-independent and mitochondrion-dependent manner. J. Gen. Virol. 89: 1930-1941 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bissonnette, S. L., Teague, J. E., Sherr, D. H., Schlezinger, J. J. (2008). An Endogenous Prostaglandin Enhances Environmental Phthalate-Induced Apoptosis in Bone Marrow B Cells: Activation of Distinct but Overlapping Pathways. J. Immunol. 181: 1728-1736 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hellwig, C. T., Kohler, B. F., Lehtivarjo, A.-K., Dussmann, H., Courtney, M. J., Prehn, J. H. M., Rehm, M. (2008). Real Time Analysis of Tumor Necrosis Factor-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand/Cycloheximide-induced Caspase Activities during Apoptosis Initiation. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 21676-21685 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lu, Q. (2008). Transforming growth factor-{beta}1 protects against pulmonary artery endothelial cell apoptosis via ALK5. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 295: L123-L133 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cao, X., Bennett, R. L., May, W. S. (2008). c-Myc and Caspase-2 Are Involved in Activating Bax during Cytotoxic Drug-induced Apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 14490-14496 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Meng, X. W., Lee, S.-H., Dai, H., Loegering, D., Yu, C., Flatten, K., Schneider, P., Dai, N. T., Kumar, S. K., Smith, B. D., Karp, J. E., Adjei, A. A., Kaufmann, S. H. (2007). MCL-1 as a Buffer for Proapoptotic BCL-2 Family Members during TRAIL-induced Apoptosis: A MECHANISTIC BASIS FOR SORAFENIB (BAY 43-9006)-INDUCED TRAIL SENSITIZATION. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 29831-29846 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schlezinger, J. J., Emberley, J. K., Bissonnette, S. L., Sherr, D. H. (2007). An L-Tyrosine Derivative and PPAR{gamma} Agonist, GW7845, Activates a Multifaceted Caspase Cascade in Bone Marrow B Cells. Toxicol Sci 98: 125-136 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Taylor, R. C., Brumatti, G., Ito, S., Hengartner, M. O., Derry, W. B., Martin, S. J. (2007). Establishing a Blueprint for CED-3-dependent Killing through Identification of Multiple Substrates for This Protease. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 15011-15021 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mawji, I. A., Simpson, C. D., Hurren, R., Gronda, M., Williams, M. A., Filmus, J., Jonkman, J., Da Costa, R. S., Wilson, B. C., Thomas, M. P., Reed, J. C., Glinsky, G. V., Schimmer, A. D. (2007). Critical Role for Fas-Associated Death Domain-Like Interleukin-1-Converting Enzyme-Like Inhibitory Protein in Anoikis Resistance and Distant Tumor Formation. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst 99: 811-822 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Correia, J. d. S., Miranda, Y., Leonard, N., Ulevitch, R. J. (2007). The Subunit CSN6 of the COP9 Signalosome Is Cleaved during Apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 12557-12565 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Faragher, A. J., Sun, X.-M., Butterworth, M., Harper, N., Mulheran, M., Ruchaud, S., Earnshaw, W. C., Cohen, G. M. (2007). Death Receptor-induced Apoptosis Reveals a Novel Interplay between the Chromosomal Passenger Complex and CENP-C during Interphase. Mol. Biol. Cell 18: 1337-1347 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Samuel, M. A., Morrey, J. D., Diamond, M. S. (2007). Caspase 3-Dependent Cell Death of Neurons Contributes to the Pathogenesis of West Nile Virus Encephalitis. J. Virol. 81: 2614-2623 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vempati, U. D., Diaz, F., Barrientos, A., Narisawa, S., Mian, A. M., Millan, J. L., Boise, L. H., Moraes, C. T. (2007). Role of Cytochrome c in Apoptosis: Increased Sensitivity to Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Is Associated with Respiratory Defects but Not with Lack of Cytochrome c Release. Mol. Cell. Biol. 27: 1771-1783 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Stel, A. J., ten Cate, B., Jacobs, S., Kok, J. W., Spierings, D. C. J., Dondorff, M., Helfrich, W., Kluin-Nelemans, H. C., de Leij, L. F. M. H., Withoff, S., Kroesen, B. J. (2007). Fas Receptor Clustering and Involvement of the Death Receptor Pathway in Rituximab-Mediated Apoptosis with Concomitant Sensitization of Lymphoma B Cells to Fas-Induced Apoptosis. J. Immunol. 178: 2287-2295 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cullen, S. P., Adrain, C., Luthi, A. U., Duriez, P. J., Martin, S. J. (2007). Human and murine granzyme B exhibit divergent substrate preferences. JCB 176: 435-444 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Martin, G., Cagnon, N., Sabido, O., Sion, B., Grizard, G., Durand, P., Levy, R. (2007). Kinetics of occurrence of some features of apoptosis during the cryopreservation process of bovine spermatozoa. Hum Reprod 22: 380-388 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Song, J. J., An, J. Y., Kwon, Y. T., Lee, Y. J. (2007). Evidence for Two Modes of Development of Acquired Tumor Necrosis Factor-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand Resistance: INVOLVEMENT OF Bcl-xL. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 319-328 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Arroba, A. I, Lechuga-Sancho, A. M, Frago, L. M, Argente, J., Chowen, J. A (2007). Cell-specific expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis in the anterior pituitary of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Endocrinol 192: 215-227 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Stegh, A. H., Kim, H., Bachoo, R. M., Forloney, K. L., Zhang, J., Schulze, H., Park, K., Hannon, G. J., Yuan, J., Louis, D. N., DePinho, R. A., Chin, L. (2007). Bcl2L12 inhibits post-mitochondrial apoptosis signaling in glioblastoma. Genes Dev. 21: 98-111 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Albee, L., Shi, B., Perlman, H. (2007). Aspartic protease and caspase 3/7 activation are central for macrophage apoptosis following infection with Escherichia coli. J. Leukoc. Biol. 81: 229-237 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chung, H., Kim, E., Lee, D. H., Seo, S., Ju, S., Lee, D., Kim, H., Park, S. (2007). Ghrelin Inhibits Apoptosis in Hypothalamic Neuronal Cells during Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation. Endocrinology 148: 148-159 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Samraj, A. K., Sohn, D., Schulze-Osthoff, K., Schmitz, I. (2007). Loss of Caspase-9 Reveals Its Essential Role for Caspase-2 Activation and Mitochondrial Membrane Depolarization. Mol. Biol. Cell 18: 84-93 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kerstan, A., Armbruster, N., Leverkus, M., Hunig, T. (2006). Cyclosporin A Abolishes CD28-Mediated Resistance to CD95-Induced Apoptosis via Superinduction of Caspase-3. J. Immunol. 177: 7689-7697 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tsai, W. S., Yeow, W.-S., Chua, A., Reddy, R. M., Nguyen, D. M., Schrump, D. S., Nguyen, D. M. (2006). Enhancement of Apo2L/TRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity in esophageal cancer cells by cisplatin. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 5: 2977-2990 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jangi, S.-M., Diaz-Perez, J. L., Ochoa-Lizarralde, B., Martin-Ruiz, I., Asumendi, A., Perez-Yarza, G., Gardeazabal, J., Diaz-Ramon, J. L., Boyano, M. D. (2006). H1 histamine receptor antagonists induce genotoxic and caspase-2-dependent apoptosis in human melanoma cells. Carcinogenesis 27: 1787-1796 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shaw, J., Kirshenbaum, L. A. (2006). HAX-1 Represses Postmitochondrial Caspase-9 Activation and Cell Death During Hypoxia-Reoxygenation. Circ. Res. 99: 336-338 [Full Text]  
• Schnell, S., Demolliere, C., van den Berk, P., Jacobs, H. (2006). Gimap4 accelerates T-cell death. Blood 108: 591-599 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rosas, M., Dijkers, P. F., Lindemans, C. L., Lammers, J.-W. J., Koenderman, L., Coffer, P. J. (2006). IL-5-mediated eosinophil survival requires inhibition of GSK-3 and correlates with {beta}-catenin relocalization. J. Leukoc. Biol. 80: 186-195 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Milleron, R. S., Bratton, S. B. (2006). Heat Shock Induces Apoptosis Independently of Any Known Initiator Caspase-activating Complex. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 16991-17000 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Liu, X.-M., Pei, D.-S., Guan, Q.-H., Sun, Y.-F., Wang, X.-T., Zhang, Q.-X., Zhang, G.-Y. (2006). Neuroprotection of Tat-GluR6-9c against Neuronal Death Induced by Kainate in Rat Hippocampus via Nuclear and Non-nuclear Pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 17432-17445 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Aoudjit, L., Potapov, A., Takano, T. (2006). Prostaglandin E2 promotes cell survival of glomerular epithelial cells via the EP4 receptor. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 290: F1534-F1542 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zheng, S., Turner, T. T., Lysiak, J. J. (2006). Caspase 2 Activity Contributes to the Initial Wave of Germ Cell Apoptosis During the First Round of Spermatogenesis. Biol. Reprod. 74: 1026-1033 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Meyer, L. H., Karawajew, L., Schrappe, M., Ludwig, W.-D., Debatin, K.-M., Stahnke, K. (2006). Cytochrome c-related caspase-3 activation determines treatment response and relapse in childhood precursor B-cell ALL. Blood 107: 4524-4531 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Afshar, G., Jelluma, N., Yang, X., Basila, D., Arvold, N. D., Karlsson, A., Yount, G. L., Dansen, T. B., Koller, E., Haas-Kogan, D. A. (2006). Radiation-Induced Caspase-8 Mediates p53-Independent Apoptosis in Glioma Cells.. Cancer Res. 66: 4223-4232 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Adrain, C., Duriez, P. J., Brumatti, G., Delivani, P., Martin, S. J. (2006). The Cytotoxic Lymphocyte Protease, Granzyme B, Targets the Cytoskeleton and Perturbs Microtubule Polymerization Dynamics. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 8118-8125 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• McKernan, D. P., Caplis, C., Donovan, M., O'Brien, C. J., Cotter, T. G. (2006). Age-dependent susceptibility of the retinal ganglion cell layer to cell death.. IOVS 47: 807-814 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Caldas, H., Jaynes, F. O., Boyer, M. W., Hammond, S., Altura, R. A. (2006). Survivin and Granzyme B-induced apoptosis, a novel anticancer therapy.. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 5: 693-703 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Twiddy, D., Cohen, G. M., MacFarlane, M., Cain, K. (2006). Caspase-7 Is Directly Activated by the ~700-kDa Apoptosome Complex and Is Released as a Stable XIAP-Caspase-7 ~200-kDa Complex. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 3876-3888 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Matsumori, Y., Northington, F. J., Hong, S. M., Kayama, T., Sheldon, R. A., Vexler, Z. S., Ferriero, D. M., Weinstein, P. R., Liu, J. (2006). Reduction of Caspase-8 and -9 Cleavage Is Associated With Increased c-FLIP and Increased Binding of Apaf-1 and Hsp70 After Neonatal Hypoxic/Ischemic Injury in Mice Overexpressing Hsp70. Stroke 37: 507-512 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Carneiro, B. A., Fujii, J., Brito, G. A. C., Alcantara, C., Oria, R. B., Lima, A. A. M., Obrig, T., Guerrant, R. L. (2006). Caspase and Bid Involvement in Clostridium difficile Toxin A-Induced Apoptosis and Modulation of Toxin A Effects by Glutamine and Alanyl-Glutamine In Vivo and In Vitro. Infect. Immun. 74: 81-87 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ikegami, T., Matsuzaki, Y., Al Rashid, M., Ceryak, S., Zhang, Y., Bouscarel, B. (2006). Enhancement of DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor-induced apoptosis by ursodeoxycholic acid. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 5: 68-79 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Varfolomeev, E., Maecker, H., Sharp, D., Lawrence, D., Renz, M., Vucic, D., Ashkenazi, A. (2005). Molecular Determinants of Kinase Pathway Activation by Apo2 Ligand/Tumor Necrosis Factor-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 40599-40608 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Thota, C.S., Reed, L.C., Yallampalli, C. (2005). Effects of Parathyroid Hormone Like Hormone (PTHLH) Antagonist, PTHLH7-34, on Fetoplacental Development and Growth During Midgestation in Rats. Biol. Reprod. 73: 1191-1198 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Craxton, A., Draves, K. E., Gruppi, A., Clark, E. A. (2005). BAFF regulates B cell survival by downregulating the BH3-only family member Bim via the ERK pathway. JEM 202: 1363-1374 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Warner, H. R. (2005). Developing a Research Agenda in Biogerontology: Basic Mechanisms. Sci Aging Knowl Environ 2005: pe33-pe33 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Clarke, C. A. L., Bennett, L. N., Clarke, P. R. (2005). Cleavage of Claspin by Caspase-7 during Apoptosis Inhibits the Chk1 Pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 35337-35345 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sinicrope, F. A., Penington, R. C. (2005). Sulindac sulfide-induced apoptosis is enhanced by a small-molecule Bcl-2 inhibitor and by TRAIL in human colon cancer cells overexpressing Bcl-2. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 4: 1475-1483 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ryu, H.-Y., Emberley, J. K., Schlezinger, J. J., Allan, L. L., Na, S., Sherr, D. H. (2005). Environmental Chemical-Induced Bone Marrow B Cell Apoptosis: Death Receptor-Independent Activation of a Caspase-3 to Caspase-8 Pathway. Mol. Pharmacol. 68: 1087-1096 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sakurai, M., Takahashi, G., Abe, K., Horinouchi, T., Itoyama, Y., Tabayashi, K. (2005). Endoplasmic reticulum stress induced in motor neurons by transient spinal cord ischemia in rabbits. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 130: 640-645 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Holleman, A., Boer, M. L. d., Kazemier, K. M., Beverloo, H. B., von Bergh, A. R. M., Janka-Schaub, G. E., Pieters, R. (2005). Decreased PARP and procaspase-2 protein levels are associated with cellular drug resistance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 106: 1817-1823 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Izeradjene, K., Douglas, L., Tillman, D. M., Delaney, A. B., Houghton, J. A. (2005). Reactive Oxygen Species Regulate Caspase Activation in Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand-Resistant Human Colon Carcinoma Cell Lines. Cancer Res. 65: 7436-7445 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Legembre, P., Daburon, S., Moreau, P., Ichas, F., de Giorgi, F., Moreau, J.-F., Taupin, J.-L. (2005). Amplification of Fas-Mediated Apoptosis in Type II Cells via Microdomain Recruitment. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25: 6811-6820 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Covington, M. D., Bayless, K. J., Burghardt, R. C., Davis, G. E., Parrish, A. R. (2005). Ischemia-induced cleavage of cadherins in NRK cells: evidence for a role of metalloproteinases. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 289: F280-F288 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tsujimoto, K., Ono, T., Sato, M., Nishida, T., Oguma, T., Tadakuma, T. (2005). Regulation of the Expression of Caspase-9 by the Transcription Factor Activator Protein-4 in Glucocorticoid-induced Apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 27638-27644 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Butt, A. J., Dickson, K. A., Jambazov, S., Baxter, R. C. (2005). Enhancement of Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha}-Induced Growth Inhibition by Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-5 (IGFBP-5), But Not IGFBP-3 in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Endocrinology 146: 3113-3122 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kato, M., Nonaka, T., Imajoh-Ohmi, S. (2005). Cleavage at the Carboxyl-Terminus of Ku80 during Apoptosis in Human Jurkat T Cells. J Biochem 137: 685-692 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Carter, B. Z., Gronda, M., Wang, Z., Welsh, K., Pinilla, C., Andreeff, M., Schober, W. D., Nefzi, A., Pond, G. R., Mawji, I. A., Houghten, R. A., Ostresh, J., Brandwein, J., Minden, M. D., Schuh, A. C., Wells, R. A., Messner, H., Chun, K., Reed, J. C., Schimmer, A. D. (2005). Small-molecule XIAP inhibitors derepress downstream effector caspases and induce apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Blood 105: 4043-4050 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Almeida, C., F.Cardoso, M., Sousa, M., Viana, P., Goncalves, A., Silva, J., Barros, A. (2005). Quantitative study of caspase-3 activity in semen and after swim-up preparation in relation to sperm quality. Hum Reprod 20: 1307-1313 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fink, S. L., Cookson, B. T. (2005). Apoptosis, Pyroptosis, and Necrosis: Mechanistic Description of Dead and Dying Eukaryotic Cells. Infect. Immun. 73: 1907-1916 [Full Text]  
• Contractor, R., Samudio, I. J., Estrov, Z., Harris, D., McCubrey, J. A., Safe, S. H., Andreeff, M., Konopleva, M. (2005). A Novel Ring-Substituted Diindolylmethane,1,1-Bis[3'-(5-Methoxyindolyl)]-1-(p-t-Butylphenyl) Methane, Inhibits Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Activation and Induces Apoptosis in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. Cancer Res. 65: 2890-2898 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mader, J. S., Salsman, J., Conrad, D. M., Hoskin, D. W. (2005). Bovine lactoferricin selectively induces apoptosis in human leukemia and carcinoma cell lines. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 4: 612-624 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Broaddus, V. C., Dansen, T. B., Abayasiriwardana, K. S., Wilson, S. M., Finch, A. J., Swigart, L. B., Hunt, A. E., Evan, G. I. (2005). Bid Mediates Apoptotic Synergy between Tumor Necrosis Factor-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand (TRAIL) and DNA Damage. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 12486-12493 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Raina, D., Pandey, P., Ahmad, R., Bharti, A., Ren, J., Kharbanda, S., Weichselbaum, R., Kufe, D. (2005). c-Abl Tyrosine Kinase Regulates Caspase-9 Autocleavage in the Apoptotic Response to DNA Damage. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 11147-11151 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yang, J.-H., Le, W.-D., Basinger, S. F., Wu, S. M., Yang, C.-y. (2005). Mechanisms of Apoptosis in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Induced by TNF-{alpha} in Conditions of Heavy Metal Ion Deficiency. IOVS 46: 1039-1046 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Park, K.-T., Mitchell, K. A., Huang, G., Elferink, C. J. (2005). The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Predisposes Hepatocytes to Fas-Mediated Apoptosis. Mol. Pharmacol. 67: 612-622 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Adrain, C., Murphy, B. M., Martin, S. J. (2005). Molecular Ordering of the Caspase Activation Cascade Initiated by the Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte/Natural Killer (CTL/NK) Protease Granzyme B. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 4663-4673 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Holubec, H., Payne, C. M., Bernstein, H., Dvorakova, K., Bernstein, C., Waltmire, C. N., Warneke, J. A., Garewal, H. (2005). Assessment of Apoptosis by Immunohistochemical Markers Compared to Cellular Morphology in Ex Vivo-stressed Colonic Mucosa. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 53: 229-235 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fang, Y., Choi, D., Searles, R. P., Mathers, W. D. (2005). A Time Course Microarray Study of Gene Expression in the Mouse Lacrimal Gland after Acute Corneal Trauma. IOVS 46: 461-469 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kim, J.-E., Tannenbaum, S. R. (2004). Insulin Regulates Cleavage of Procaspase-9 via Binding of X Chromosome-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein in HT-29 Cells. Cancer Res. 64: 9070-9075 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sinicrope, F. A., Penington, R. C., Tang, X. M. (2004). Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand-Induced Apoptosis Is Inhibited by Bcl-2 but Restored by the Small Molecule Bcl-2 Inhibitor, HA 14-1, in Human Colon Cancer Cells. Clin. Cancer Res. 10: 8284-8292 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Peng, J.-M., Liang, S.-M., Liang, C.-M. (2004). VP1 of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Induces Apoptosis via the Akt Signaling Pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 52168-52174 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Park, S.-J., Wu, C.-H., Gordon, J. D., Zhong, X., Emami, A., Safa, A. R. (2004). Taxol Induces Caspase-10-dependent Apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 51057-51067 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yang, J.-Y., Michod, D., Walicki, J., Murphy, B. M., Kasibhatla, S., Martin, S. J., Widmann, C. (2004). Partial Cleavage of RasGAP by Caspases Is Required for Cell Survival in Mild Stress Conditions. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24: 10425-10436 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Paasch, U., Sharma, R. K., Gupta, A. K., Grunewald, S., Mascha, E. J., Thomas, A. J. Jr, Glander, H.-J., Agarwal, A. (2004). Cryopreservation and Thawing Is Associated with Varying Extent of Activation of Apoptotic Machinery in Subsets of Ejaculated Human Spermatozoa. Biol. Reprod. 71: 1828-1837 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Damiano, J. S., Newman, R. M., Reed, J. C. (2004). Multiple Roles of CLAN (Caspase-Associated Recruitment Domain, Leucine-Rich Repeat, and NAIP CIIA HET-E, and TP1-Containing Protein) in the Mammalian Innate Immune Response. J. Immunol. 173: 6338-6345 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Crow, M. T., Mani, K., Nam, Y.-J., Kitsis, R. N. (2004). The Mitochondrial Death Pathway and Cardiac Myocyte Apoptosis. Circ. Res. 95: 957-970 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tezel, G., Yang, X. (2004). Caspase-Independent Component of Retinal Ganglion Cell Death, In Vitro. IOVS 45: 4049-4059 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Liang, H., Salinas, R. A., Leal, B. Z., Kosakowska-Cholody, T., Michejda, C. J., Waters, S. J., Herman, T. S., Woynarowski, J. M., Woynarowska, B. A. (2004). Caspase-mediated apoptosis and caspase-independent cell death induced by irofulven in prostate cancer cells. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 3: 1385-1396 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Huang, M.-B., Jin, L. L., James, C. O., Khan, M., Powell, M. D., Bond, V. C. (2004). Characterization of Nef-CXCR4 Interactions Important for Apoptosis Induction. J. Virol. 78: 11084-11096 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Svingen, P. A., Loegering, D., Rodriquez, J., Meng, X. W., Mesner, P. W. Jr., Holbeck, S., Monks, A., Krajewski, S., Scudiero, D. A., Sausville, E. A., Reed, J. C., Lazebnik, Y. A., Kaufmann, S. H. (2004). Components of the Cell Death Machine and Drug Sensitivity of the National Cancer Institute Cell Line Panel. Clin. Cancer Res. 10: 6807-6820 [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Home | Help | Feedback | Subscriptions | Archive | Search | Table of Contents