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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/1999//305 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 144, Number 2, , 1999 305-313

The Small GTP-binding Protein Rho Regulates Cortical Activities in Cultured Cells during Division

Christopher B. O'Connell^*, Sally P. Wheatley^*, Sohail Ahmed, and Yu-li Wang^*

^* Department of Physiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655; and Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurochemistry, University of London, London WC1N 1PJ, United Kingdom

We have investigated the role of the small GTP-binding protein Rho in cytokinesis by microinjecting an inhibitor, C3 ribosyltransferase, into cultured cells. Microinjection of C3 into prometaphase or metaphase normal rat kidney epithelial cells induced immediate and global cortical movement of actin toward the metaphase plate, without an apparent effect on the mitotic spindle. During anaphase, concentrated cortical actin filaments migrated with separating chromosomes, leaving no apparent concentration of actin filaments along the equator. Myosin II in injected epithelial cells showed a diffuse distribution throughout cell division. All treated, well-adherent cells underwent cleavage-like activities and most of them divided successfully. However, cytokinesis became abnormal, generating irregular ingressions and ectopic cleavage sites even when mitosis was blocked with nocodazole. The effects of C3 appeared to be dependent on cell adhesion; less adherent 3T3 fibroblasts exhibited irregular cortical ingression only when cells started to increase attachment during respreading, but managed to complete cytokinesis. Poorly adherent HeLa cells showed neither ectopic cleavage nor completion of cytokinesis. Our results indicate that Rho does not simply activate actin–myosin II interactions during cytokinesis, but regulates the spatial pattern of cortical activities and completion of cytokinesis possibly through modulating the mechanical strength of the cortex.

Key Words: GTP-binding protein • cytoskeleton • cell division • actin • cytokinesis

Abbreviations used in this paper: NRK, normal rat kidney; TD60, Telophase Disc 60 protein.

This research was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (GM-32476).

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