The Small GTP-binding Protein Rho Regulates Cortical Activities in Cultured Cells during Division

doi:10.1083/jcb.144.2.305

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J. Cell Biol., Volume 144, Number 2, January 25, 1999 305-313

The Small GTP-binding Protein Rho Regulates Cortical Activities in Cultured Cells during Division

Christopher B. O'Connell,^* Sally P. Wheatley,^* Sohail Ahmed, and Yu-li Wang^*

^* Department of Physiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655; and Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurochemistry, University of London, London WC1N 1PJ, United Kingdom

We have investigated the role of the small GTP-binding protein Rho in cytokinesis by microinjecting an inhibitor, C3 ribosyltransferase,into cultured cells. Microinjection of C3 into prometaphase ormetaphase normal rat kidney epithelial cells induced immediateand global cortical movement of actin toward the metaphase plate,without an apparent effect on the mitotic spindle. During anaphase,concentrated cortical actin filaments migrated with separatingchromosomes, leaving no apparent concentration of actin filamentsalong the equator. Myosin II in injected epithelial cells showeda diffuse distribution throughout cell division. All treated,well-adherent cells underwent cleavage-like activities and mostof them divided successfully. However, cytokinesis became abnormal,generating irregular ingressions and ectopic cleavage sites evenwhen mitosis was blocked with nocodazole. The effects of C3 appearedto be dependent on cell adhesion; less adherent 3T3 fibroblastsexhibited irregular cortical ingression only when cells startedto increase attachment during respreading, but managed to completecytokinesis. Poorly adherent HeLa cells showed neither ectopiccleavage nor completion of cytokinesis. Our results indicate thatRho does not simply activate actin-myosin II interactions duringcytokinesis, but regulates the spatial pattern of cortical activitiesand completion of cytokinesis possibly through modulating themechanical strength of thecortex.

Key words: GTP-binding protein; cytoskeleton; cell division; actin; cytokinesis

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