Functional Domains of {alpha}-Catenin Required for the Strong State of Cadherin-based Cell Adhesion

doi:10.1083/jcb.144.6.1311

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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/1999//1311 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 144, Number 6, , 1999 1311-1322

Regular Articles

Functional Domains of ${alpha}$ -Catenin Required for the Strong State of Cadherin-based Cell Adhesion

Yuzo Imamura, Masahiko Itoh, Yoshito Maeno, Shoichiro Tsukita, and Akira Nagafuchi

Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan

The interaction of cadherin–catenin complex with theactin-based cytoskeleton through ${alpha}$ -catenin is indispensablefor cadherin-based cell adhesion activity. We reported previouslythat E-cadherin– ${alpha}$ -catenin fusion molecules showed celladhesion and cytoskeleton binding activities when expressedin nonepithelial L cells. Here, we constructed deletion mutantsof E-cadherin– ${alpha}$ -catenin fusion molecules lacking various domains of ${alpha}$ -catenin and introduced them into L cells. Detailedanalysis identified three distinct functional domains of ${alpha}$ -catenin:a vinculin/ ${alpha}$ -actinin-binding domain, a ZO-1-binding domain, andan adhesion-modulation domain. Furthermore, cell dissociationassay revealed that the fusion molecules containing the ZO-1-bindingdomain in addition to the adhesion-modulation domain conferredthe strong state of cell adhesion activity on transfectants,although those lacking the ZO-1-binding domain conferred onlythe weak state. The disorganization of actin-based cytoskeleton by cytochalasin D treatment shifted the cadherin-based celladhesion from the strong to the weak state. In the epithelialcells, where ${alpha}$ -catenin was not precisely colocalized with ZO-1,the ZO-1-binding domain did not completely support the strongstate of cell adhesion activity. Our studies showed that theinteraction of ${alpha}$ -catenin with the actin-based cytoskeleton throughthe ZO-1-binding domain is required for the strong state ofE-cadherin–based cell adhesion activity.

Key Words: ${alpha}$ -catenin • ZO-1 • vinculin • E-cadherin • adhesion

Abbreviations used in this paper: AJ, adherens junctions; TJ, tight junction.

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