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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/1999//279 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 145, Number 2, , 1999 279-289


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Overexpression of CALNUC (Nucleobindin) Increases Agonist and Thapsigargin Releasable Ca2+ Storage in the Golgi



Ping Lin*, Yong Yao{ddagger}, Robert Hofmeister*, Roger Y. Tsien{ddagger},§, and Marilyn Gist Farquhar*,||

* Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, || Department of Pathology, {ddagger} Department of Pharmacology, and § Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0651

We previously demonstrated that CALNUC, a Ca2+-binding protein with two EF-hands, is the major Ca2+-binding protein in the Golgi by 45Ca2+ overlay (Lin, P., H. Le-Niculescu, R. Hofmeister, J.M. McCaffery, M. Jin, H. Henneman, T. McQuistan, L. De Vries, and M. Farquhar. 1998. J. Cell Biol. 141:1515–1527). In this study we investigated CALNUC's properties and the Golgi Ca2+ storage pool in vivo. CALNUC was found to be a highly abundant Golgi protein (3.8 µg CALNUC/mg Golgi protein, 2.5 x 105 CALNUC molecules/NRK cell) and to have a single high affinity, low capacity Ca2+-binding site (Kd = 6.6 µM, binding capacity = 1.1 µmol Ca2+/µmol CALNUC). 45Ca2+ storage was increased by 2.5- and 3-fold, respectively, in HeLa cells transiently overexpressing CALNUC-GFP and in EcR-CHO cells stably overexpressing CALNUC. Deletion of the first EF-hand {alpha} helix from CALNUC completely abolished its Ca2+-binding capability. CALNUC was correctly targeted to the Golgi in transfected cells as it colocalized and cosedimented with the Golgi marker, {alpha}-mannosidase II (Man II). Approximately 70% of the 45Ca2+ taken up by HeLa and CHO cells overexpressing CALNUC was released by treatment with thapsigargin, a sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) (Ca2+ pump) blocker. Stimulation of transfected cells with the agonist ATP or IP3 alone (permeabilized cells) also resulted in a significant increase in Ca2+ release from Golgi stores. By immunofluorescence, the IP3 receptor type 1 (IP3R-1) was distributed over the endoplasmic reticulum and codistributed with CALNUC in the Golgi. These results provide direct evidence that CALNUC binds Ca2+ in vivo and together with SERCA and IP3R is involved in establishment of the agonist-mobilizable Golgi Ca2+ store.

Key Words: Golgi resident calcium-binding protein • EF-hand • IP3 receptor • SERCA • nucleobindin



Abbreviations used in this paper: CaM, calmodulin; CRT, calreticulin; GFP, green fluorescent protein; IP3R, inositol 1, 4, 5 trisphosphate receptor; Man II, {alpha}-mannosidase II; PLC, phospholipase C; SERCA, sarcoplasmic/ER calcium ATPase; Tg, thapsigargin.



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