Rac Homologues and Compartmentalized Phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-Bisphosphate Act in a Common Pathway to Regulate Polar Pollen Tube Growth

doi:10.1083/jcb.145.2.317

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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/1999//317 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 145, Number 2, , 1999 317-330

Regular Articles

Rac Homologues and Compartmentalized Phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-Bisphosphate Act in a Common Pathway to Regulate Polar Pollen Tube Growth

Benedikt Kost^*, Emmanuel Lemichez^*, Pius Spielhofer^*, Yan Hong, Kimberly Tolias^,||, Christopher Carpenter^,¶, and Nam-Hai Chua^*

^* Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York 10021-6399; Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Agrobiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604; Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and ^|| Department of Cell Biology and ^¶ Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215

Pollen tube cells elongate based on actin- dependent targetedsecretion at the tip. Rho family small GTPases have been implicatedin the regulation of related processes in animal and yeastcells. We have functionally characterized Rac type Rho familyproteins that are expressed in growing pollen tubes. Expressionof dominant negative Rac inhibited pollen tube elongation,whereas expression of constitutive active Rac induced depolarizedgrowth. Pollen tube Rac was found to accumulate at the tipplasma membrane and to physically associate with a phosphatidylinositol monophosphate kinase (PtdIns P-K) activity. Phosphatidylinositol4, 5-bisphosphate (PtdIns 4, 5-P₂), the product of PtdIns P-Ks,showed a similar intracellular localization as Rac. Expressionof the pleckstrin homology (PH)-domain of phospholipase C (PLC)- ${delta}$ ₁,which binds specifically to PtdIns 4, 5-P₂, inhibited pollentube elongation. These results indicate that Rac and PtdIns 4, 5-P₂ act in a common pathway to control polar pollen tubegrowth and provide direct evidence for a function of PtdIns4, 5-P₂ compartmentalization in the regulation of this process.

Key Words: pollen tube • polarity • actin • Rac • PtdIns 4, 5-P₂

Abbreviations used in this paper: ARNO, ADP-ribosylation factor nucleotide-binding site opener; ${alpha}$ -At-Rac, affinity-purified polyclonal anti–At-Rac antibody; GFP, green fluorescent protein; GST, glutathione S-transferase; GUS, β-glucuronidase; GroPIns, glycerophospho-inositol; Ins, inositol; K, kinase; ORF, open reading frame; PH, pleckstrin homology; PLC, phospholipase C; PNS, post-nuclear supernatant; PtdIns, phosphatidylinositol; TcdB, Clostridium difficile toxin B.

The work presented here was supported by the following organizations: DOE (grant DOE94ER20143 to N.-H. Chua), Swiss National Science Foundation (grants 823A-050394 and 823A-046686 to P. Spielhoferand B. Kost), Human Frontier Science Program (grant LT-256/97to E. Lemichez), and the National Institutes of Health (grantGM54389 to C. Carpenter).

Benedikt Kost's present address is Laboratory of Plant CellBiology, Institute of Molecular Agrobiology, National Universityof Singapore, Singapore 117604.

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