J. Cell Biol., Volume 145, Number 4, May 17, 1999 877-887

Critical Role for Cholesterol in Lyn-mediated Tyrosine Phosphorylation of FcRI and Their Association with Detergent-resistant Membranes

Erin D. Sheets, David Holowka, and Barbara Baird

Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1301

Tyrosine phosphorylation of the high affinity immunoglobulin (Ig)E receptor (FcRI) by the Src family kinase Lyn is the first known biochemical step that occurs during activation of mast cells and basophils after cross-linking of FcRI by antigen. The hypothesis that specialized regions in the plasma membrane, enriched in sphingolipids and cholesterol, facilitate the coupling of Lyn and FcRI was tested by investigating functional and structural effects of cholesterol depletion on Lyn/FcRI interactions. We find that cholesterol depletion with methyl--cyclodextrin substantially reduces stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of FcRI and other proteins while enhancing more downstream events that lead to stimulated exocytosis. In parallel to its inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation, cholesterol depletion disrupts the interactions of aggregated FcRI and Lyn on intact cells and also disrupts those interactions with detergent-resistant membranes that are isolated by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation of lysed cells. Importantly, cholesterol repletion restores receptor phosphorylation together with the structural interactions. These results provide strong evidence that membrane structure, maintained by cholesterol, plays a critical role in the initiation of FcRI signaling.

methyl--cyclodextrin;  immunoglobulin E receptor;  plasma membrane structure;  lipid domains;  signal transduction

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