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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/1999//1407 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 145, Number 7, , 1999 1407-1417

Nuclear Import of the TATA-binding Protein: Mediation by the Karyopherin Kap114p and a Possible Mechanism for Intranuclear Targeting

Laboratory of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York 10021

Binding of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) to the promoter is the first and rate limiting step in the formation of transcriptional complexes. We show here that nuclear import of TBP is mediated by a new karyopherin (Kap) (importin) family member, Kap114p. Kap114p is localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus. A complex of Kap114p and TBP was detected in the cytosol and could be reconstituted using recombinant proteins, suggesting that the interaction was direct. Deletion of the KAP114 gene led to specific mislocalization of TBP to the cytoplasm. We also describe two other potential minor import pathways for TBP. Consistent with other Kaps, the dissociation of TBP from Kap114p is dependent on RanGTP. However, we could show that double stranded, TATA-containing DNA stimulates this RanGTP-mediated dissociation of TBP, and is necessary at lower RanGTP concentrations. This suggests a mechanism where, once in the nucleus, TBP is preferentially released from Kap114p at the promoter of genes to be transcribed. In this fashion Kap114p may play a role in the intranuclear targeting of TBP.

Key Words: biological transport • transcription factors • nuclear localization signal • Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abbreviations used in this paper: DAPI, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; ds, double stranded; GTF, general transcription factor; Kap, karyopherin; MS, mass spectrometry; NLS, nuclear localization sequence; NPC, nuclear pore complex; PIC, preinitiation complex; PrA, protein A; RNAP, RNA polymerase; TBP, TATA-binding protein; TBP-PrA, PrA-tagged copy of TBP.

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