J. Cell Biol., Volume 145, Number 7, June 28, 1999 1511-1520

The Dynamics of Protein Kinase B Regulation during B Cell Antigen Receptor Engagement

Emmanuelle Astoul,^* Sandra Watton, and Doreen Cantrell^*

^* Lymphocyte Activation Laboratory,  Signal Transduction Laboratories, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London WC2A 3PX, United Kingdom

This study has used biochemistry and real time confocal imaging of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged molecules in live cells to explore the dynamics of protein kinase B (PKB) regulation during B lymphocyte activation. The data show that triggering of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) induces a transient membrane localization of PKB but a sustained activation of the enzyme; active PKB is found in the cytosol and nuclei of activated B cells. Hence, PKB has three potential sites of action in B lymphocytes; transiently after BCR triggering PKB can phosphorylate plasma membrane localized targets, whereas during the sustained B cell response to antigen, PKB acts in the nucleus and the cytosol. Membrane translocation of PKB and subsequent PKB activation are dependent on BCR activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Moreover, PI3K signals are both necessary and sufficient for sustained activation of PKB in B lymphocytes. However, under conditions of continuous PI3K activation or BCR triggering there is only transient recruitment of PKB to the plasma membrane, indicating that there must be a molecular mechanism to dissociate PKB from sites of PI3K activity in B cells. The inhibitory Fc receptor, the FcRIIB, mediates vital homeostatic control of B cell function by recruiting an inositol 5 phosphatase SHIP into the BCR complex. Herein we show that coligation of the BCR with the inhibitory FcRIIB prevents membrane targeting of PKB. The FcRIIB can thus antagonize BCR signals for PKB localization and prevent BCR stimulation of PKB activity which demonstrates the mechanism for the inhibitory action of the FcRIIB on the BCR/PKB response.

Akt/PKB;  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase;  GSK3;  B cell antigen receptor;  FcRIIb

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