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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/1999//427 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 146, Number 2, , 1999 427-438

Original Article

Establishment of the Dorsal–Ventral Axis inXenopus Embryos Coincides with the Dorsal Enrichment of Dishevelled That Is Dependent on Cortical Rotation



Jeffrey R. Millera, Brian A. Rowninga,b, Carolyn A. Larabellb, Julia A. Yang-Snydera, Rebecca L. Batesa, and Randall T. Moona

a Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, and Center for Developmental Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195
b Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
Room K536C Health Sciences Building, Campus Box 357750, Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.(206) 616-4230(206) 543-1722

rtmoon{at}u.washington.edu

Examination of the subcellular localization of Dishevelled (Dsh) in fertilized Xenopus eggs revealed that Dsh is associated with vesicle-like organelles that are enriched on the prospective dorsal side of the embryo after cortical rotation. Dorsal enrichment of Dsh is blocked by UV irradiation of the vegetal pole, a treatment that inhibits development of dorsal cell fates, linking accumulation of Dsh and specification of dorsal cell fates. Investigation of the dynamics of Dsh localization using Dsh tagged with green fluorescent protein (Dsh-GFP) demonstrated that Dsh-GFP associates with small vesicle-like organelles that are directionally transported along the parallel array of microtubules towards the prospective dorsal side of the embryo during cortical rotation. Perturbing the assembly of the microtubule array with D2O, a treatment that promotes the random assembly of the array and the dorsalization of embryos, randomizes translocation of Dsh-GFP. Conversely, UV irradiation of the vegetal pole abolishes movement of Dsh-GFP. Finally, we demonstrate that overexpression of Dsh can stabilize β-catenin in Xenopus. These data suggest that the directional translocation of Dsh along microtubules during cortical rotation and its subsequent enrichment on the prospective dorsal side of the embryo play a role in locally activating a maternal Wnt pathway responsible for establishing dorsal cell fates in Xenopus.

Key Words: Dishevelled • green fluorescent protein • β-catenin • Xenopus • microtubules

© 1999 The Rockefeller University Press

1.used in this paper: Dsh, Dishevelled; Dsh-GFP, Dsh tagged with green fluorescent protein; GSK-3, glycogen synthase kinase 3; MR, modified ringers; RFz1, Rat Frizzled-1

The first two authors contributed equally to this paper.


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