The nonmuscle myosin regulatory light chain gene mlc-4 is required for cytokinesis, anterior-posterior polarity, and body morphology during Caenorhabditis elegans embryogenesis.

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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/1999//439 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 146, Number 2, , 1999 439-451

Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

The nonmuscle myosin regulatory light chain gene mlc-4 is required for cytokinesis, anterior-posterior polarity, and body morphology during Caenorhabditis elegans embryogenesis.

C A Shelton, J C Carter, G C Ellis, and B Bowerman

Using RNA-mediated genetic interference in a phenotypic screen,we identified a conserved nonmuscle myosin II regulatory lightchain gene in Caenorhabditis elegans, which we name mlc-4. Maternallysupplied mlc-4 function is required for cytokinesis during bothmeiosis and mitosis and for establishment of anterior-posterior(a-p) asymmetries after fertilization. Reducing the functionof mlc-4 or nmy-2, a nonmuscle myosin II gene, also leads toa loss of polarized cytoplasmic flow in the C. elegans zygote,supporting models in which cytoplasmic flow may be requiredto establish a-p differences. Germline P granule localizationat the time of cytoplasmic flow is also lost in these embryos,although P granules do become localized to the posterior poleafter the first mitosis. This result suggests that a mechanismother than cytoplasmic flow or mlc-4/nmy-2 activity can generatesome a-p asymmetries in the C. elegans zygote. By isolatinga deletion allele, we show that removing zygotic mlc-4 functionresults in an elongation phenotype during embryogenesis. Anmlc-4/green fluorescent protein transgene is expressed in lateralrows of hypodermal cells and these cells fail to properly changeshape in mlc-4 mutant animals during elongation.

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