Cytoplasmic Dynein Is Required for Distinct Aspects of Mtoc Positioning, Including Centrosome Separation, in the One Cell Stage Caenorhabditis elegans Embryo

doi:10.1083/jcb.147.1.135

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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/1999//135 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 147, Number 1, , 1999 135-150

Original Article

Cytoplasmic Dynein Is Required for Distinct Aspects of Mtoc Positioning, Including Centrosome Separation, in the One Cell Stage Caenorhabditis elegans Embryo

Pierre Gönczy, Silke Pichler, Matthew Kirkham, and Anthony A. Hyman

^a European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, D-69117 Germany
^b Max-Planck Institute for Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, D-01307 Germany
European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 1, Meyerhofstrasse, Heidelberg, D-69117 Germany.49-6221-387-51249-6221-387-337

gonczy{at}embl-heidelberg.de

We have investigated the role of cytoplasmic dynein in microtubuleorganizing center (MTOC) positioning using RNA-mediated interference(RNAi) in Caenorhabditis elegans to deplete the product of thedynein heavy chain gene dhc-1. Analysis with time-lapse differentialinterference contrast microscopy and indirect immunofluorescencerevealed that pronuclear migration and centrosome separationfailed in one cell stage dhc-1 (RNAi) embryos. These phenotypeswere also observed when the dynactin components p50/dynamitinor p150^Glued were depleted with RNAi. Moreover, in 15% of dhc-1(RNAi) embryos, centrosomes failed to remain in proximity ofthe male pronucleus. When dynein heavy chain function was diminishedonly partially with RNAi, centrosome separation took place,but orientation of the mitotic spindle was defective. Therefore,cytoplasmic dynein is required for multiple aspects of MTOCpositioning in the one cell stage C. elegans embryo. In conjunctionwith our observation of cytoplasmic dynein distribution at theperiphery of nuclei, these results lead us to propose a mechanismin which cytoplasmic dynein anchored on the nucleus drives centrosomeseparation.

Key Words: microtubules • minus end–directed motor • mitosis • RNAi • MTOC positioning

1.used in this paper: DIC, differential interference contrast;ds, double-stranded; MTOC, microtubule organizing center; NEB,nuclear envelope breakdown; RNAi, RNA-mediated interference;ss, single-stranded

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