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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/2000//7 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 148, Number 1, , 2000 7-16

Hydrogen Peroxide Inhibition of Nuclear Protein Import Is Mediated by the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, Erk2

^a Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Stroke and Vascular Disease, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre and the Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R2H 2A6
Division of Stroke and Vascular Disease, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R2H 2A6.(204) 231-1151(204) 235-3414

grant_pierce{at}sbrc.umanitoba.ca

H₂O₂ alters gene expression in many cell types. Alterations in nuclear import of transcription factors or similar key proteins may be responsible for these changes. To investigate this possibility, a cytosolic nuclear import cocktail was treated with varying [H₂O₂] and used in import assays. H₂O₂ caused a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of import at concentrations as low as 100 µM. Catalase reversed this effect. H₂O₂ treatment of permeablized cells did not affect import, suggesting that H₂O₂ was acting on a cytosolic factor. Treatment of import cocktail with two different free radical generating systems had no effect, but treatment of permeablized cells inhibited import, suggesting H₂O₂ works via a distinct process from hydroxyl or superoxide radicals. Pretreatment of import cocktail with genistein reversed the effect of H₂O₂ on import. Western blotting revealed that H₂O₂ activated ERK2. The specific MEK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059, completely blocked the effects of H₂O₂ on import. Activated ERK2 mimicked H₂O₂'s effect on import. Immunocytochemistry revealed that H₂O₂ treatment of whole cells increased cytosolic Ran/TC4 levels, an effect reversible by catalase or PD98059. These data demonstrate that H₂O₂ inhibits nuclear protein import and that this effect is mediated by mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation, possibly by altering Ran/TC4 function.

Key Words: phosphorylation • confocal microscopy • permeablized cells • free radicals • signal transduction

© 2000 The Rockefeller University Press

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