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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/2000//1087 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 149, Number 5, , 2000 1087-1096

Original Article

Adp Ribosylation Factor-like Protein 2 (Arl2) Regulates the Interaction of Tubulin-Folding Cofactor D with Native Tubulin



Arunashree Bhamidipatia, Sally A. Lewisa, and Nicholas J. Cowana

a Department of Biochemistry, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
Department of Biochemistry, NYU Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016.212-263-8166212-263-5809

cowann01{at}med.nyu.edu

The ADP ribosylation factor-like proteins (Arls) are a family of small monomeric G proteins of unknown function. Here, we show that Arl2 interacts with the tubulin-specific chaperone protein known as cofactor D. Cofactors C, D, and E assemble the {alpha}/β- tubulin heterodimer and also interact with native tubulin, stimulating it to hydrolyze GTP and thus acting together as a β-tubulin GTPase activating protein (GAP). We find that Arl2 downregulates the tubulin GAP activity of C, D, and E, and inhibits the binding of D to native tubulin in vitro. We also find that overexpression of cofactors D or E in cultured cells results in the destruction of the tubulin heterodimer and of microtubules. Arl2 specifically prevents destruction of tubulin and microtubules by cofactor D, but not by cofactor E. We generated mutant forms of Arl2 based on the known properties of classical Ras-family mutations. Experiments using these altered forms of Arl2 in vitro and in vivo demonstrate that it is GDP-bound Arl2 that interacts with cofactor D, thereby averting tubulin and microtubule destruction. These data establish a role for Arl2 in modulating the interaction of tubulin-folding cofactors with native tubulin in vivo.

Key Words: Arls • G proteins • chaperones • microtubules • cytoskeleton

© 2000 The Rockefeller University Press

Abbreviations used in this paper: ARF, ADP ribosylation factor; Arl, ARF-like; BS3, bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate; CCT, chaperonin-containing TCP-1; GAP, GTP activating protein; GDP, guanosine diphosphate; GFP, green fluorescent protein; GST, glutathione S-transferase; HA, hemagglutinin.


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