Original Article

This article was retracted on January 15, 2003

Dynein, Dynactin, and Kinesin II's Interaction with Microtubules Is Regulated during Bidirectional Organelle Transport

Correspondence to: Leah T. Haimo, Department of Biology, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521. Tel:(909) 787-5632 Fax:(909) 787-4286

The microtubule motors, cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin II, drive pigmented organelles in opposite directions in Xenopus melanophores, but the mechanism by which these or other motors are regulated to control the direction of organelle transport has not been previously elucidated. We find that cytoplasmic dynein, dynactin, and kinesin II remain on pigment granules during aggregation and dispersion in melanophores, indicating that control of direction is not mediated by a cyclic association of motors with these organelles. However, the ability of dynein, dynactin, and kinesin II to bind to microtubules varies as a function of the state of aggregation or dispersion of the pigment in the cells from which these molecules are isolated. Dynein and dynactin bind to microtubules when obtained from cells with aggregated pigment, whereas kinesin II binds to microtubules when obtained from cells with dispersed pigment. Moreover, the microtubule binding activity of these motors/dynactin can be reversed in vitro by the kinases and phosphatase that regulate the direction of pigment granule transport in vivo. These findings suggest that phosphorylation controls the direction of pigment granule transport by altering the ability of dynein, dynactin, and kinesin II to interact with microtubules.

Key Words: dynein, kinesin, melanophores, microtubules, phosphorylation

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Vanstraelen, M., Torres Acosta, J. A., De Veylder, L., Inze, D., Geelen, D. (2004). A Plant-Specific Subclass of C-Terminal Kinesins Contains a Conserved A-Type Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Site Implicated in Folding and Dimerization. Plant Physiol. 135: 1417-1429 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pan, J., Snell, W. J. (2003). Kinesin II and regulated intraflagellar transport of Chlamydomonas aurora protein kinase. J. Cell Sci. 116: 2179-2186 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Helfand, B. T., Loomis, P., Yoon, M., Goldman, R. D. (2003). Rapid transport of neural intermediate filament protein. J. Cell Sci. 116: 2345-2359 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Romani de Wit, T., Rondaij, M. G., Hordijk, P. L., Voorberg, J., van Mourik, J. A. (2003). Real-Time Imaging of the Dynamics and Secretory Behavior of Weibel-Palade Bodies. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 23: 755-761 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dell, K. R. (2003). Dynactin polices two-way organelle traffic. JCB 160: 291-293 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vaughan, P. S., Miura, P., Henderson, M., Byrne, B., Vaughan, K. T. (2002). A role for regulated binding of p150Glued to microtubule plus ends in organelle transport. JCB 158: 305-319 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gross, S. P., Tuma, M. C., Deacon, S. W., Serpinskaya, A. S., Reilein, A. R., Gelfand, V. I. (2002). Interactions and regulation of molecular motors in Xenopus melanophores. JCB 156: 855-865 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ma, S., Chisholm, R. L. (2002). Cytoplasmic dynein-associated structures move bidirectionally in vivo. J. Cell Sci. 115: 1453-1460 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Marshall, W. F., Rosenbaum, J. L. (2001). Intraflagellar transport balances continuous turnover of outer doublet microtubules: implications for flagellar length control. JCB 155: 405-414 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Huang, J., Imamura, T., Olefsky, J. M. (2001). Insulin can regulate GLUT4 internalization by signaling to Rab5 and the motor protein dynein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 10.1073/pnas.241368698v1 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ramoni, C., Spadaro, F., Menegon, M., Podo, F. (2001). Cellular Localization and Functional Role of Phosphatidylcholine-Specific Phospholipase C in NK Cells. J. Immunol. 167: 2642-2650 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vorobjev, I., Malikov, V., Rodionov, V. (2001). Self-organization of a radial microtubule array by dynein-dependent nucleation of microtubules. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 10.1073/pnas.181354198v1 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tai, A. W., Chuang, J.-Z., Sung, C.-H. (2001). Cytoplasmic Dynein Regulation by Subunit Heterogeneity and Its Role in Apical Transport. JCB 153: 1499-1510 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Silverman, M. A., Kaech, S., Jareb, M., Burack, M. A., Vogt, L., Sonderegger, P., Banker, G. (2001). Sorting and directed transport of membrane proteins during development of hippocampal neurons in culture. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 7051-7057 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zhou, H. M., Brust-Mascher, I., Scholey, J. M. (2001). Direct Visualization of the Movement of the Monomeric Axonal Transport Motor UNC-104 along Neuronal Processes in Living Caenorhabditis elegans. J. Neurosci. 21: 3749-3755 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Porter, M. E., Sale, W. S. (2000). The 9 + 2 Axoneme Anchors Multiple Inner Arm Dyneins and a Network of Kinases and Phosphatases that Control Motility. JCB 151: F37-F42 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Addinall, S. G., Mayr, P. S., Doyle, S., Sheehan, J. K., Woodman, P. G., Allan, V. J. (2001). Phosphorylation by cdc2-CyclinB1 Kinase Releases Cytoplasmic Dynein from Membranes. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 15939-15944 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vaughan, P. S., Leszyk, J. D., Vaughan, K. T. (2001). Cytoplasmic Dynein Intermediate Chain Phosphorylation Regulates Binding to Dynactin. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 26171-26179 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Holleran, E. A., Ligon, L. A., Tokito, M., Stankewich, M. C., Morrow, J. S., Holzbaur, E. L. F. (2001). beta III Spectrin Binds to the Arp1 Subunit of Dynactin. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 36598-36605 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vorobjev, I., Malikov, V., Rodionov, V. (2001). Self-organization of a radial microtubule array by dynein-dependent nucleation of microtubules. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 10160-10165 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Huang, J., Imamura, T., Olefsky, J. M. (2001). Insulin can regulate GLUT4 internalization by signaling to Rab5 and the motor protein dynein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 13084-13089 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gross, S. P., Tuma, M. C., Deacon, S. W., Serpinskaya, A. S., Reilein, A. R., Gelfand, V. I. (2002). Interactions and regulation of molecular motors in Xenopus melanophores. JCB 156: 855-865 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pan, J., Snell, W. J. (2002). Kinesin-II Is Required for Flagellar Sensory Transduction during Fertilization in Chlamydomonas. Mol. Biol. Cell 13: 1417-1426 [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Home | Help | Feedback | Subscriptions | Archive | Search | Table of Contents