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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/2000//209 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 151, Number 2, , 2000 209-220

Ectodomain Shedding of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Ligands Is Required for Keratinocyte Migration in Cutaneous Wound Healing

^a Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
^b Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Science, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
^c Department of Dermatology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Shigenobucho, Onsengun, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
^d Department of Biochemistry, School of Allied Health Science, Osaka University Faculty of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871
^e Nippon Organon K.K., Osaka 534-0016, Japan
Department of Biochemistry, School of Allied Health Science, Osaka University Faculty of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.81-6-6879-258981-6-6879-2589

Keratinocyte proliferation and migration are essential to cutaneous wound healing and are, in part, mediated in an autocrine fashion by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–ligand interactions. EGFR ligands are initially synthesized as membrane-anchored forms, but can be processed and shed as soluble forms. We provide evidence here that wound stimuli induce keratinocyte shedding of EGFR ligands in vitro, particularly the ligand heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF). The resulting soluble ligands stimulated transient activation of EGFR. OSU8-1, an inhibitor of EGFR ligand shedding, abrogated the wound-induced activation of EGFR and caused suppression of keratinocyte migration in vitro. Soluble EGFR–immunoglobulin G-Fc fusion protein, which is able to neutralize all EGFR ligands, also suppressed keratinocyte migration in vitro. The application of OSU8-1 to wound sites in mice greatly retarded reepithelialization as the result of a failure in keratinocyte migration, but this effect could be overcome if recombinant soluble HB-EGF was added along with OSU8-1. These findings indicate that the shedding of EGFR ligands represents a critical event in keratinocyte migration, and suggest their possible use as an effective clinical treatment in the early phases of wound healing.

Key Words: TGF- • HB-EGF • amphiregulin • tissue repair • matrix metalloprotease

© 2000 The Rockefeller University Press

Abbreviations used in this paper: ADAM, a disintegrin and metalloprotease; AP, alkaline phosphatase; AR, amphiregulin; ECL, enhanced chemiluminescence; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; EGFR-Fc, epidermal growth factor receptor–immunoglobulin G-Fc fusion protein; HB-EGF, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor; MMP, matrix metalloprotease; TACE, tumor necrosis factor– converting enzyme; TGF-, transforming growth factor–; TPA, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate.

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