Expression of Cd34 and Myf5 Defines the Majority of Quiescent Adult Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells

doi:10.1083/jcb.151.6.1221

Published online 11 December 2000. doi:10.1083/jcb.151.6.1221

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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/2000//1221 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 151, Number 6, , 2000 1221-1234

Original Article

Expression of Cd34 and Myf5 Defines the Majority of Quiescent Adult Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells

Jonathan R. Beauchamp^a, Louise Heslop^a, David S.W. Yu^a, Shahragim Tajbakhsh^b, Robert G. Kelly^b, Anton Wernig^c, Margaret E. Buckingham^b, Terence A. Partridge^a, and Peter S. Zammit^a

^a Muscle Cell Biology Group, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 ONN United Kingdom
^b Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité de Recherche Associée 1947, Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
^c Physiologisches Institut II der Universitat Bonn, Neurophysiologie, D-53111, Bonn, Germany
Muscle Cell Biology Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.(020) 8383 8264(020) 8383 8265

jon.beauchamp{at}csc.mrc.ac.uk

Skeletal muscle is one of a several adult post-mitotic tissuesthat retain the capacity to regenerate. This relies on a populationof quiescent precursors, termed satellite cells. Here we describetwo novel markers of quiescent satellite cells: CD34, an establishedmarker of hematopoietic stem cells, and Myf5, the earliest markerof myogenic commitment. CD34^+ve myoblasts can be detected inproliferating C2C12 cultures. In differentiating cultures, CD34^+vecells do not fuse into myotubes, nor express MyoD. Using isolatedmyofibers as a model of synchronous precursor cell activation,we show that quiescent satellite cells express CD34. An earlyfeature of their activation is alternate splicing followed bycomplete transcriptional shutdown of CD34. This data implicatesCD34 in the maintenance of satellite cell quiescence.

In heterozygous Myf5^nlacZ/+ mice, all CD34^+ve satellite cellsalso express β-galactosidase, a marker of activation ofMyf5, showing that quiescent satellite cells are committed tomyogenesis. All such cells are positive for the accepted satellitecell marker, M-cadherin. We also show that satellite cells canbe identified on isolated myofibers of the myosin light chain3F-nlacZ-2E mouse as those that do not express the transgene.The numbers of satellite cells detected in this way are significantlygreater than those identified by the other three markers.

We conclude that the expression of CD34, Myf5, and M-cadherindefines quiescent, committed precursors and speculate that theCD34^–ve, Myf5^–ve minority may be involved in maintainingthe lineage-committed majority.

Key Words: skeletal muscle • satellite cell • Myf5 • CD34 • MyoD

Abbreviations used in this paper: β-Gal, β-galactosidase;DAPI, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; E, embryonic day; EDL,extensor digitorum longus; HSC, hematopoietic stem cell; RT,reverse transcription; TA, tibialis anterior; X-Gal, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolylβ-D-galactopyranoside.

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