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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/2000//1423 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 151, Number 7, , 2000 1423-1434

The Plastid of Toxoplasma gondii Is Divided by Association with the Centrosomes

^a Department of Cellular Biology and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
^b Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
^c Department of Biology, Philipps-Universität, 35032 Marburg, Germany
Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, 724 Biological Sciences Building, Athens, Georgia 30602,(706) 542-4271(706) 583-0588

striepen{at}cb.uga.edu

Apicomplexan parasites harbor a single nonphotosynthetic plastid, the apicoplast, which is essential for parasite survival. Exploiting Toxoplasma gondii as an accessible system for cell biological analysis and molecular genetic manipulation, we have studied how these parasites ensure that the plastid and its 35-kb circular genome are faithfully segregated during cell division. Parasite organelles were labeled by recombinant expression of fluorescent proteins targeted to the plastid and the nucleus, and time-lapse video microscopy was used to image labeled organelles throughout the cell cycle. Apicoplast division is tightly associated with nuclear and cell division and is characterized by an elongated, dumbbell-shaped intermediate. The plastid genome is divided early in this process, associating with the ends of the elongated organelle. A centrin-specific antibody demonstrates that the ends of dividing apicoplast are closely linked to the centrosomes. Treatment with dinitroaniline herbicides (which disrupt microtubule organization) leads to the formation of multiple spindles and large reticulate plastids studded with centrosomes. The mitotic spindle and the pellicle of the forming daughter cells appear to generate the force required for apicoplast division in Toxoplasma gondii. These observations are discussed in the context of autonomous and FtsZ-dependent division of plastids in plants and algae.

Key Words: chloroplast division • organelle segregation • cell division • mitotic spindle • Toxoplasma gondii

© 2000 The Rockefeller University Press

Abbreviations used in this paper: ACP, acyl carrier protein; CAT, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase; CFP, cyan fluorescent protein; FNR, ferredoxin-NADP reductase; GFP, green fluorescent protein; HFF, human foreskin fibroblast; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen 1; RFP, red fluorescent protein; YFP, yellow fluorescent protein.

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