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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/2001//745 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 153, Number 4, , 2001 745-762

Biogenesis of the Signal Recognition Particle (Srp) Involves Import of Srp Proteins into the Nucleolus, Assembly with the Srp-Rna, and Xpo1p-Mediated Export

^a Biochemie-Zentrum Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 22 Papakiriazi St., 41222 Larissa, Greece.(30) 41-565-054(30) 41-565-055

simos{at}med.uth.gr

The signal recognition particle (SRP) targets nascent secretory proteins to the ER, but how and where the SRP assembles is largely unknown. Here we analyze the biogenesis of yeast SRP, which consists of an RNA molecule (scR1) and six proteins, by localizing all its components. Although scR1 is cytoplasmic in wild-type cells, nuclear localization was observed in cells lacking any one of the four SRP "core proteins" Srp14p, Srp21p, Srp68p, or Srp72p. Consistently, a major nucleolar pool was detected for these proteins. Sec65p, on the other hand, was found in both the nucleoplasm and the nucleolus, whereas Srp54p was predominantly cytoplasmic. Import of the core proteins into the nucleolus requires the ribosomal protein import receptors Pse1p and Kap123p/Yrb4p, which might, thus, constitute a nucleolar import pathway. Nuclear export of scR1 is mediated by the nuclear export signal receptor Xpo1p, is distinct from mRNA transport, and requires, as evidenced by the nucleolar accumulation of scR1 in a dis3/rrp44 exosome component mutant, an intact scR1 3' end. A subset of nucleoporins, including Nsp1p and Nup159p (Rat7p), are also necessary for efficient translocation of scR1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. We propose that assembly of the SRP requires import of all SRP core proteins into the nucleolus, where they assemble into a pre-SRP with scR1. This particle can then be targeted to the nuclear pores and is subsequently exported to the cytoplasm in an Xpo1p-dependent way.

Key Words: SRP • XPO1 • nuclear pore complex • nucleocytoplasmic transport • nucleolus

© 2001 The Rockefeller University Press

Abbreviations used in this paper: BIB, beta-like import receptor binding; GFP, green fluorescent protein; LMB, leptomycin B; NES, nuclear export signal; NLS, nuclear localization signal; NPC, nuclear pore complex; SRP, signal recognition particle.

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