Kinetics of Core Histones in Living Human Cells: Little Exchange of H3 and H4 and Some Rapid Exchange of H2b

doi:10.1083/jcb.153.7.1341

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Published online 25 June 2001. doi:10.1083/jcb.153.7.1341

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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/2001//1341 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 153, Number 7, , 2001 1341-1354

Original Article

Kinetics of Core Histones in Living Human Cells

: Little Exchange of H3 and H4 and Some Rapid Exchange of H2b

Hiroshi Kimura^a and Peter R. Cook^a

^a Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.44-1865-27551544-1865-275528

peter.cook{at}path.ox.ac.uk

Histones H2A and H2B form part of the same nucleosomal structureas H3 and H4. Stable HeLa cell lines expressing histones H2B,H3, and H4 tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) wereestablished; the tagged molecules were assembled into nucleosomes.Although H2B-GFP was distributed like DNA, H3-GFP and H4-GFPwere concentrated in euchromatin during interphase and in R-bandsin mitotic chromosomes. These differences probably result froman unregulated production of tagged histones and differencesin exchange. In both single cells and heterokaryons, photobleachingrevealed that H2B-GFP exchanged more rapidly than H3-GFP andH4-GFP. About 3% of H2B exchanged within minutes, whereas $~$ 40%did so slowly (t_1/2 $~$ 130 min). The rapidly exchanging fractiondisappeared in 5,6-dichloro-1-β-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazoleand so may represent H2B in transcriptionally active chromatin.The slowly exchanging fraction was probably associated withchromatin domains surrounding active units. H3-GFP and H4-GFPwere assembled into chromatin when DNA was replicated, and then>80% remained bound permanently. These results reveal thatthe inner core of the nucleosome is very stable, whereas H2Bon the surface of active nucleosomes exchanges continually.

Key Words: cell fusion • FRAP • histone actetylation • nucleosome • transcription

Abbreviations used in this paper: actD, actinomycin D; DRB,5,6-dichloro-1-β-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole; EF, elongationfactor; GFP, green fluorescent protein; PB, physiological buffer.

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