The chromokinesin Kid is necessary for chromosome arm orientation and oscillation, but not congression, on mitotic spindles

doi:10.1083/jcb.200106093

Published 17 September 2001. doi:10.1083/jcb.200106093

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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/2001/9/1135 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 154, Number 6, September 17, 2001 1135-1146

Article

The chromokinesin Kid is necessary for chromosome arm orientation and oscillation, but not congression, on mitotic spindles

Aime A. Levesque and Duane A. Compton

Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755

Address correspondence to Duane A. Compton, Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, 7200 Vail, Room 411, Hanover, NH 03755. Tel.: (603) 650-1990. Fax: (603) 650-1128. E-mail: duane.a.compton{at}dartmouth.edu

Chromokinesins have been postulated to provide the polar ejectionforce needed for chromosome congression during mitosis. We haveevaluated that possibility by monitoring chromosome movementin vertebrate-cultured cells using time-lapse differential interferencecontrast microscopy after microinjection with antibodies specificfor the chromokinesin Kid. 17.5% of cells injected with Kid-specificantibodies have one or more chromosomes that remain closelyopposed to a spindle pole and fail to enter anaphase. In contrast,82.5% of injected cells align chromosomes in metaphase, progressto anaphase, and display chromosome velocities not significantlydifferent from control cells. However, injected cells lack chromosomeoscillations, and chromosome orientation is atypical becausechromosome arms extend toward spindle poles during both congressionand metaphase. Furthermore, chromosomes cluster into a massand fail to oscillate when Kid is perturbed in cells containingmonopolar spindles. These data indicate that Kid generates thepolar ejection force that pushes chromosome arms away from spindlepoles in vertebrate-cultured cells. This force increases theefficiency with which chromosomes make bipolar spindle attachmentsand regulates kinetochore activities necessary for chromosomeoscillation, but is not essential for chromosome congression.

Key Words: chromosome; kinetochore; mitotic spindle; Kid; kinesin

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