Marching at the front and dragging behind: differential {alpha}V{beta}3-integrin turnover regulates focal adhesion behavior

doi:10.1083/jcb.200107107

Published 24 December 2001. doi:10.1083/jcb.200107107

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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/2001/12/1319 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 155, Number 7, December 24, 2001 1319-1332

Article

Marching at the front and dragging behind

: differential ${alpha}$ Vß3-integrin turnover regulates focal adhesion behavior

Christoph Ballestrem, Boris Hinz, Beat A. Imhof and Bernhard Wehrle-Haller

Department of Pathology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland

Address correspondence to Bernhard Wehrle-Haller, Dept. of Pathology, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1, Rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Tel.: 0041-22-702-57-35. Fax: 0041-22-702-57-46. E-mail: Bernhard.Wehrle-Haller{at}medecine.unige.ch

Integrins are cell–substrate adhesion molecules that providethe essential link between the actin cytoskeleton and the extracellularmatrix during cell migration. We have analyzed ${alpha}$ Vß3-integrindynamics in migrating cells using a green fluorescent protein–taggedß3-integrin chain. At the cell front, adhesion sitescontaining ${alpha}$ Vß3-integrin remain stationary, whereasat the rear of the cell they slide inward. The integrin fluorescenceintensity within these different focal adhesions, and hencethe relative integrin density, is directly related to theirmobility. Integrin density is as much as threefold higher insliding compared with stationary focal adhesions. High intracellulartension under the control of RhoA induced the formation of high-densitycontacts. Low-density adhesion sites were induced by Rac1 andlow intracellular tension. Photobleaching experiments demonstrateda slow turnover of ß3-integrins in low-density contacts,which may account for their stationary nature. In contrast,the fast ß3-integrin turnover observed in high-densitycontacts suggests that their apparent sliding may be causedby a polarized renewal of focal contacts. Therefore, differentialacto-myosin–dependent integrin turnover and focal adhesiondensities may explain the mechanical and behavioral differencesbetween cell adhesion sites formed at the front, and those thatmove in the retracting rear of migrating cells.

Key Words: cell migration; cell adhesion; green fluorescent protein; Rho GTPases; integrin density

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