Interactions and regulation of molecular motors in Xenopus melanophores

doi:10.1083/jcb.200105055

Published online 25 February 2002. doi:10.1083/jcb.200105055

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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/2002/3/855 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 156, Number 5, March 4, 2002 855-865

Article

Interactions and regulation of molecular motors in Xenopus melanophores

Steven P. Gross¹, M. Carolina Tuma², Sean W. Deacon², Anna S. Serpinskaya², Amy R. Reilein² and Vladimir I. Gelfand²

¹ Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
² Department of Cell and Structural Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801

Address correspondence to Vladimir I. Gelfand, Dept. of Cell and Structural Biology, University of Illinois, B107 CLSL, 601 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801. Tel.: (217) 333-5972. Fax: (217) 244-1648. E-mail: vgelfand{at}life.uiuc.edu

Many cellular components are transported using a combinationof the actin- and microtubule-based transport systems. However,how these two systems work together to allow well-regulatedtransport is not clearly understood. We investigate this questionin the Xenopus melanophore model system, where three motors,kinesin II, cytoplasmic dynein, and myosin V, drive aggregationor dispersion of pigment organelles called melanosomes. Duringdispersion, myosin V functions as a "molecular ratchet" to increaseoutward transport by selectively terminating dynein-driven minusend runs. We show that there is a continual tug-of-war betweenthe actin and microtubule transport systems, but the microtubulemotors kinesin II and dynein are likely coordinated. Finally,we find that the transition from dispersion to aggregation increasesdynein-mediated motion, decreases myosin V–mediated motion,and does not change kinesin II–dependent motion. Down-regulationof myosin V contributes to aggregation by impairing its abilityto effectively compete with movement along microtubules.

Key Words: dynein; kinesin II; myosin V; melanophore; organelle transport

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