Myogenic specification of side population cells in skeletal muscle

doi:10.1083/jcb.200202092

Published 14 October 2002. doi:10.1083/jcb.200202092

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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/2002/10/123 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 159, Number 1, 123-134

Article

Myogenic specification of side population cells in skeletal muscle

Atsushi Asakura¹, Patrick Seale¹^,2, Adele Girgis-Gabardo² and Michael A. Rudnicki¹^,2

¹ Molecular Medicine Program, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L6 Canada
² Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1 Canada

Address correspondence to Michael A. Rudnicki, Molecular Medicine Program, Ottawa Health Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L6 Canada. Tel.: (613) 739-6740. Fax: (613) 737-8803. E-mail: mrudnicki{at}ohri.ca

Skeletal muscle contains myogenic progenitors called satellitecells and muscle-derived stem cells that have been suggestedto be pluripotent. We further investigated the differentiationpotential of muscle-derived stem cells and satellite cells toelucidate relationships between these two populations of cells.FACS^® analysis of muscle side population (SP) cells, a fractionof muscle-derived stem cells, revealed expression of hematopoieticstem cell marker Sca-1 but did not reveal expression of anysatellite cell markers. Muscle SP cells were greatly enrichedfor cells competent to form hematopoietic colonies. Moreover,muscle SP cells with hematopoietic potential were CD45 positive.However, muscle SP cells did not differentiate into myocytesin vitro. By contrast, satellite cells gave rise to myocytesbut did not express Sca-1 or CD45 and never formed hematopoieticcolonies. Importantly, muscle SP cells exhibited the potentialto give rise to both myocytes and satellite cells after intramusculartransplantation. In addition, muscle SP cells underwent myogenicspecification after co-culture with myoblasts. Co-culture withmyoblasts or forced expression of MyoD also induced muscle differentiationof muscle SP cells prepared from mice lacking Pax7 gene, anessential gene for satellite cell development. Therefore, thesedata document that satellite cells and muscle-derived stem cellsrepresent distinct populations and demonstrate that muscle-derivedstem cells have the potential to give rise to myogenic cellsvia a myocyte-mediated inductive interaction.

Key Words: stem cell; satellite cell; Pax7; hematopoiesis; Sca-1

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