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Published online 7 October 2002. doi:10.1083/jcb.200204163
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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/2002/10/55 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 159, Number 1, 55-67

Article

Influence of cargo size on Ran and energy requirements for nuclear protein import



Susan K. Lyman, Tinglu Guan, Janna Bednenko, Harald Wodrich and Larry Gerace

Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037

Address correspondence to Larry Gerace, Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037. Tel.: (858) 784-8514. Fax: (858) 784-9132. E-mail: lgerace{at}scripps.edu

Previous work has shown that the transport of some small protein cargoes through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) can occur in vitro in the absence of nucleoside triphosphate hydrolysis. We now demonstrate that in the importin {alpha}/ß and transportin import pathways, efficient in vitro transport of large proteins, in contrast to smaller proteins, requires hydrolyzable GTP and the small GTPase Ran. Morphological and biochemical analysis indicates that the presence of Ran and GTP allows large cargo to efficiently cross central regions of the NPC. We further demonstrate that this function of RanGTP at least partly involves its direct binding to importin ß and transportin. We suggest that RanGTP functions in these pathways to promote the transport of large cargo by enhancing the ability of import complexes to traverse diffusionally restricted areas of the NPC.

Key Words: nuclear protein import; importin ß; transportin; nucleoporin; Ran


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