Gene density and transcription influence the localization of chromatin outside of chromosome territories detectable by FISH

doi:10.1083/jcb.200207115

Published 9 December 2002. doi:10.1083/jcb.200207115

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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/2002/12/753 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 159, Number 5, 753-763

Article

Gene density and transcription influence the localization of chromatin outside of chromosome territories detectable by FISH

Nicola L. Mahy, Paul E. Perry and Wendy A. Bickmore

MRC Human Genetics Unit, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK

Address correspondence to W.A. Bickmore, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK. Tel.: 44-131-332-2471. Fax: 44-131-343-2620. E-mail: W.Bickmore{at}hgu.mrc.ac.uk

Genes can be transcribed from within chromosome territories;however, the major histocompatibilty complex locus has beenreported extending away from chromosome territories, and theincidence of this correlates with transcription from the region.A similar result has been seen for the epidermal differentiationcomplex region of chromosome 1. These data suggested that chromatindecondensation away from the surface of chromosome territoriesmay result from, and/or may facilitate, transcription of denselypacked genes subject to coordinate regulation.

To investigate whether localization outside of the visible confinesof chromosome territories can also occur for regions that arenot coordinately regulated, we have examined the spatial organizationof human 11p15.5 and the syntenic region on mouse chromosome7. This region is gene rich but its genes are not coordinatelyexpressed, rather overall high levels of transcription occurin several cell types. We found that chromatin from 11p15.5frequently extends away from the chromosome 11 territory. Localizationoutside of territories was also detected for other regions ofhigh gene density and high levels of transcription. This isshown to be partly dependent on ongoing transcription. We suggestthat local gene density and transcription, rather than the activityof individual genes, influences the organization of chromosomesin the nucleus.

Key Words: gene density; chromatin; chromosome territories; nuclear organization; transcription

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