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Published online 19 April 2004. doi:10.1083/jcb.200403022
The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525 $8.00
JCB, Volume 165, Number 2, 167-173
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Alternative topogenesis of Mgm1 and mitochondrial morphology depend on ATP and a functional import motor



Mark Herlan, Carsten Bornhövd, Kai Hell, Walter Neupert, and Andreas S. Reichert

Adolf-Butenandt-Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany

Address correspondence to Andreas S. Reichert, Adolf-Butenandt-Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5, 81377 München, Germany. Tel.: 49-89-2180-77100. Fax: 49-89-2180-77093. email: Andreas.Reichert{at}bio.med.uni-muenchen.de

Mitochondrial morphology and inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in yeast depend on the dynamin-like GTPase Mgm1. It is present in two isoforms in the intermembrane space of mitochondria both of which are required for Mgm1 function. Limited proteolysis of the large isoform by the mitochondrial rhomboid protease Pcp1/Rbd1 generates the short isoform of Mgm1 but how this is regulated is unclear. We show that near its NH2 terminus Mgm1 contains two conserved hydrophobic segments of which the more COOH-terminal one is cleaved by Pcp1. Changing the hydrophobicity of the NH2-terminal segment modulated the ratio of the isoforms and led to fragmentation of mitochondria. Formation of the short isoform of Mgm1 and mitochondrial morphology further depend on a functional protein import motor and on the ATP level in the matrix. Our data show that a novel pathway, to which we refer as alternative topogenesis, represents a key regulatory mechanism ensuring the balanced formation of both Mgm1 isoforms. Through this process the mitochondrial ATP level might control mitochondrial morphology.

Key Words: mitochondrial fusion; protein import; mitochondrial diseases; rhomboid protease; dynamin-like protein

The online version of this article contains supplemental material.

Abbreviations used in this paper: Ccp1, cytochrome c peroxidase; DHFR, dihydrofolate reductase; l-Mgm1; large isoform of Mgm1; mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA; s-Mgm1, short isoform of Mgm1.


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