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Published 19 July 2004. doi:10.1083/jcb.200312054
The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525 $8.00
JCB, Volume 166, Number 2, 249-260
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Article

 Synaptotagmins are trafficked to distinct subcellular domains including the postsynaptic compartment

Bill Adolfsen, Sudipta Saraswati, Motojiro Yoshihara, and J. Troy Littleton

The Picower Center for Learning and Memory, Department of Biology and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139

Address correspondence to J. Troy Littleton, The Picower Center for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, E18-672, 50 Ames St., Cambridge, MA 02139. Tel.: (617) 452-2605. Fax: (617) 452-2249. email: troy{at}mit.edu

The synaptotagmin family has been implicated in calcium-dependent neurotransmitter release, although Synaptotagmin 1 is the only isoform demonstrated to control synaptic vesicle fusion. Here, we report the characterization of the six remaining synaptotagmin isoforms encoded in the Drosophila genome, including homologues of mammalian Synaptotagmins 4, 7, 12, and 14. Like Synaptotagmin 1, Synaptotagmin 4 is ubiquitously present at synapses, but localizes to the postsynaptic compartment. The remaining isoforms were not found at synapses (Synaptotagmin 7), expressed at very low levels (Synaptotagmins 12 and 14), or in subsets of putative neurosecretory cells (Synaptotagmins {alpha} and ß). Consistent with their distinct localizations, overexpression of Synaptotagmin 4 or 7 cannot functionally substitute for the loss of Synaptotagmin 1 in synaptic transmission. Our results indicate that synaptotagmins are differentially distributed to unique subcellular compartments. In addition, the identification of a postsynaptic synaptotagmin suggests calcium-dependent membrane-trafficking functions on both sides of the synapse.

Key Words: synaptic transmission; exocytosis; Drosophila; membrane trafficking; C2 domain

Abbreviations used in this paper: CNS, central nervous system; EJP, excitatory junctional potential; LBD, lateral bipolar dendritic; NMJ, neuromuscular junction; VNC, ventral nerve cord.


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