XBP1: a link between the unfolded protein response, lipid biosynthesis, and biogenesis of the endoplasmic reticulum

doi:10.1083/jcb.200406136

Published online 4 October 2004. doi:10.1083/jcb.200406136
The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525 $8.00
JCB, Volume 167, Number 1, 35-41

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XBP1

: a link between the unfolded protein response, lipid biosynthesis, and biogenesis of the endoplasmic reticulum

Rungtawan Sriburi¹, Suzanne Jackowski², Kazutoshi Mori³, and Joseph W. Brewer¹

¹ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153
² Protein Science Division, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
³ Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan

Correspondence to Joseph W. Brewer: jbrewer{at}lumc.edu

Abstract

When the protein folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum(ER) is challenged, the unfolded protein response (UPR) maintainsER homeostasis by regulating protein synthesis and enhancingexpression of resident ER proteins that facilitate protein maturationand degradation. Here, we report that enforced expression ofXBP1(S), the active form of the XBP1 transcription factor generatedby UPR-mediated splicing of XBP1 mRNA, is sufficient to inducesynthesis of phosphatidylcholine, the primary phospholipid ofthe ER membrane. Cells overexpressing XBP1(S) exhibit elevatedlevels of membrane phospholipids, increased surface area andvolume of rough ER, and enhanced activity of the cytidine diphosphocholinepathway of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. These data suggestthat XBP1(S) links the mammalian UPR to phospholipid biosynthesisand ER biogenesis.

Abbreviations used in this paper: ATF, activating transcriptionfactor; BiP, binding protein; CCT, choline cytidylyltransferase;CDP-choline, cytidine diphosphocholine; CEPT, choline/ethanolaminephosphotransferase;CK, choline kinase; CPT, cholinephosphotransferase; PtdCho,phosphatidylcholine; PtdEtn, phosphatidylethanolamine; UPR,unfolded protein response; XBP1, X-box binding protein 1; XBP1(S),XBP1 (spliced); XBP1(U), XBP1(unspliced).

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