Published 20 December 2004. doi:10.1083/jcb.200404160
The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525 $8.00
JCB, Volume 167, Number 6, 1241-1253
The primacy of affinity over clustering in regulation of adhesiveness of the integrin
Lß2
Minsoo Kim,
Christopher V. Carman,
Wei Yang,
Azucena Salas, and
Timothy A. Springer
The CBR Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
Correspondence to Timothy A. Springer: springeroffice{at}cbr.med.harvard.edu
Dynamic regulation of integrin adhesiveness is required for immune cellcell interactions and leukocyte migration. Here, we investigate the relationship between cell adhesion and integrin microclustering as measured by fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and macroclustering as measured by high resolution fluorescence microscopy. Stimuli that activate adhesion through leukocyte functionassociated molecule-1 (LFA-1) failed to alter clustering of LFA-1 in the absence of ligand. Binding of monomeric intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) induced profound changes in the conformation of LFA-1 but did not alter clustering, whereas binding of ICAM-1 oligomers induced significant microclustering. Increased diffusivity in the membrane by cytoskeleton-disrupting agents was sufficient to drive adhesion in the absence of affinity modulation and was associated with a greater accumulation of LFA-1 to the zone of adhesion, but redistribution did not precede cell adhesion. Disruption of conformational communication within the extracellular domain of LFA-1 blocked adhesion stimulated by affinity-modulating agents, but not adhesion stimulated by cytoskeleton-disrupting agents. Thus, LFA-1 clustering does not precede ligand binding, and instead functions in adhesion strengthening after binding to multivalent ligands.
Abbreviations used in this paper: DIC, differential interference contrast; FRET, fluorescence resonance energy transfer; ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule; IRM, interference reflection microscopy; LFA-1, leukocyte functionassociated molecule-1; ROI, region of interest.

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