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Published online 7 February 2005. doi:10.1083/jcb.200405120
The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525 $8.00
JCB, Volume 168, Number 4, 567-573
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 Live imaging of wound inflammation in Drosophila embryos reveals key roles for small GTPases during in vivo cell migration

Brian Stramer1,2, Will Wood3, Michael J. Galko4,5, Michael J. Redd6, Antonio Jacinto3, Susan M. Parkhurst7, and Paul Martin1,2,6

1 Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
2 Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
3 Centro Biologia Desenvolvimento, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
4 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
5 Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
6 Department of Anatomy, University College London, London, WC1T 6BT, UK
7 Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109

Correspondence to Paul Martin: paul.martin{at}bristol.ac.uk


Abstract
Aa robust inflammatory response to tissue damage and infection is conserved across almost all animal phyla. Neutrophils and macrophages, or their equivalents, are drawn to the wound site where they engulf cell and matrix debris and release signals that direct components of the repair process. This orchestrated cell migration is clinically important, and yet, to date, leukocyte chemotaxis has largely been studied in vitro. Here, we describe a genetically tractable in vivo wound model of inflammation in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo that is amenable to cinemicroscopy. For the first time, we are able to examine the roles of Rho-family small GTPases during inflammation in vivo and show that Rac-mediated lamellae are essential for hemocyte motility and Rho signaling is necessary for cells to retract from sites of matrix– and cell–cell contacts. Cdc42 is necessary for maintaining cellular polarity and yet, despite in vitro evidence, is dispensable for sensing and crawling toward wound cues.

B. Stramer and W. Wood contributed equally to this paper.


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